IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v356y2024ics0306261923017804.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Efficiency optimisation and converterless PV integration by applying a dynamic voltage on an LVDC backbone

Author

Listed:
  • Azaioud, Hakim
  • Farnam, Arash
  • Knockaert, Jos
  • Vandevelde, Lieven
  • Desmet, Jan

Abstract

A low-voltage DC (LVDC) backbone with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and distributed photovoltaics (PV) is proven to be a more efficient alternative compared to the traditional AC architecture. However, previous research has also proven the fact that the benefit strongly depends on the operating voltage level. In this study, a dynamic backbone voltage on architectures with and without distributed maximum power point trackers (MPPT) is investigated. The dynamic voltage is driven by a multi-objective optimisation algorithm that will minimise the cable and converter loss. Applying the dynamic voltage with MPPT leads to a massive decrease of the loss compared to a static voltage with MPPT. Although, if the optimisation objective is extended with the minimisation of the PV curtailment loss, the MPPT can be eliminated without causing a considerable curtailment loss while maintaining a high efficiency. The sensitivity analysis showed that even when the cable is longer, the orientations of the PV distributed systems are different or the PV system is exposed to dynamic shading, dynamic voltage without maximum power point is still competitive compared to the alternatives. However, heavy static shading conditions could cause a notable shift of the MPP making it very hard to track this operating point by the algorithm. The elimination of the MPPT leads to a simpler design and installation, lower investment costs and a reduction of the raw material use. The proposed strategies and architectures are hence favourable to be applied in LVDC backbones massively fed by roof-mounted or building-integrated PV systems. This study provides the general approach which could be extended with distributed electric vehicle chargers.

Suggested Citation

  • Azaioud, Hakim & Farnam, Arash & Knockaert, Jos & Vandevelde, Lieven & Desmet, Jan, 2024. "Efficiency optimisation and converterless PV integration by applying a dynamic voltage on an LVDC backbone," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:356:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923017804
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923017804
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122416?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hakim Azaioud & Jan Desmet & Lieven Vandevelde, 2020. "Benefit Evaluation of PV Orientation for Individual Residential Consumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Hakim Azaioud & Robbert Claeys & Jos Knockaert & Lieven Vandevelde & Jan Desmet, 2021. "A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS: Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    3. Eduardo Manuel Godinho Rodrigues & Radu Godina & Mousa Marzband & Edris Pouresmaeil, 2018. "Simulation and Comparison of Mathematical Models of PV Cells with Growing Levels of Complexity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Kermadi, Mostefa & Berkouk, El Madjid, 2017. "Artificial intelligence-based maximum power point tracking controllers for Photovoltaic systems: Comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 369-386.
    5. Mohammadmehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Saad Mekhilef & Rasoul Rahmani & Rubiyah Yusof & Ehsan Taslimi Renani, 2013. "Analytical Modeling of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-17, January.
    6. Martín Silva & Justo Jose Roberts & Pedro Osvaldo Prado, 2021. "Calculation of the Shading Factors for Solar Modules with MATLAB," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
    7. Zhang, Yelin & Zhang, Xingxing & Huang, Pei & Sun, Yongjun, 2020. "Global sensitivity analysis for key parameters identification of net-zero energy buildings for grid interaction optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    8. Kaldellis, John K. & Kapsali, Marina & Kavadias, Kosmas A., 2014. "Temperature and wind speed impact on the efficiency of PV installations. Experience obtained from outdoor measurements in Greece," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 612-624.
    9. J. C. Teo & Rodney H. G. Tan & V. H. Mok & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy & ChiaKwang Tan, 2018. "Impact of Partial Shading on the P-V Characteristics and the Maximum Power of a Photovoltaic String," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
    10. David García Elvira & Hugo Valderrama Blaví & Àngel Cid Pastor & Luis Martínez Salamero, 2018. "Efficiency Optimization of a Variable Bus Voltage DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-21, November.
    11. Rémy Cleenwerck & Hakim Azaioud & Majid Vafaeipour & Thierry Coosemans & Jan Desmet, 2023. "Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid: A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    12. Bird, Lori & Lew, Debra & Milligan, Michael & Carlini, E. Maria & Estanqueiro, Ana & Flynn, Damian & Gomez-Lazaro, Emilio & Holttinen, Hannele & Menemenlis, Nickie & Orths, Antje & Eriksen, Peter Børr, 2016. "Wind and solar energy curtailment: A review of international experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 577-586.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rémy Cleenwerck & Hakim Azaioud & Majid Vafaeipour & Thierry Coosemans & Jan Desmet, 2023. "Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid: A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Ahmed Al Mansur & Md. Ruhul Amin & Kazi Khairul Islam, 2019. "Performance Comparison of Mismatch Power Loss Minimization Techniques in Series-Parallel PV Array Configurations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Manoharan Premkumar & Umashankar Subramaniam & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2020. "Evaluation of Mathematical Model to Characterize the Performance of Conventional and Hybrid PV Array Topologies under Static and Dynamic Shading Patterns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-37, June.
    4. Weng-Hooi Tan & Junita Mohamad-Saleh, 2023. "Critical Review on Interrelationship of Electro-Devices in PV Solar Systems with Their Evolution and Future Prospects for MPPT Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-37, January.
    5. Xiaoguang Liu & Yuefeng Wang, 2019. "Reconfiguration Method to Extract More Power from Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays with Series-Parallel Topology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Yao, Ganzhou & Luo, Zirong & Lu, Zhongyue & Wang, Mangkuan & Shang, Jianzhong & Guerrerob, Josep M., 2023. "Unlocking the potential of wave energy conversion: A comprehensive evaluation of advanced maximum power point tracking techniques and hybrid strategies for sustainable energy harvesting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    7. Mubbashir Ali & Jussi Ekström & Matti Lehtonen, 2018. "Sizing Hydrogen Energy Storage in Consideration of Demand Response in Highly Renewable Generation Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, May.
    8. Rezk, Hegazy & AL-Oran, Mazen & Gomaa, Mohamed R. & Tolba, Mohamed A. & Fathy, Ahmed & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G. & El-Sayed, Abou Hashema M., 2019. "A novel statistical performance evaluation of most modern optimization-based global MPPT techniques for partially shaded PV system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    9. Yang, Yuting, 2022. "Electricity interconnection with intermittent renewables," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    10. David Marroqui & Ausias Garrigos & Jose M. Blanes & Roberto Gutierrez, 2019. "Photovoltaic-Driven SiC MOSFET Circuit Breaker with Latching and Current Limiting Capability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Hassan M. H. Farh & Mohd F. Othman & Ali M. Eltamaly & M. S. Al-Saud, 2018. "Maximum Power Extraction from a Partially Shaded PV System Using an Interleaved Boost Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    12. Abadie, Luis Mª & Chamorro, José M., 2023. "Investment in wind-based hydrogen production under economic and physical uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    13. Rao, A. Gangoli & van den Oudenalder, F.S.C. & Klein, S.A., 2019. "Natural gas displacement by wind curtailment utilization in combined-cycle power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 477-491.
    14. Cui, Qi & He, Ling & Han, Guoyi & Chen, Hao & Cao, Juanjuan, 2020. "Review on climate and water resource implications of reducing renewable power curtailment in China: A nexus perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    15. Al-Amri, Fahad & Saeed, Farooq & Mujeebu, Muhammad Abdul, 2022. "Novel dual-function racking structure for passive cooling of solar PV panels –thermal performance analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 100-113.
    16. Saidan, Motasem & Albaali, Abdul Ghani & Alasis, Emil & Kaldellis, John K., 2016. "Experimental study on the effect of dust deposition on solar photovoltaic panels in desert environment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 499-505.
    17. Alassi, Abdulrahman & Bañales, Santiago & Ellabban, Omar & Adam, Grain & MacIver, Callum, 2019. "HVDC Transmission: Technology Review, Market Trends and Future Outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 530-554.
    18. Andrea Bonfiglio & Massimo Brignone & Marco Invernizzi & Alessandro Labella & Daniele Mestriner & Renato Procopio, 2017. "A Simplified Microgrid Model for the Validation of Islanded Control Logics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-28, August.
    19. Psarros, Georgios N. & Papathanassiou, Stavros A., 2023. "Generation scheduling in island systems with variable renewable energy sources: A literature review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1105-1124.
    20. Kaplanis, S. & Kaplani, E. & Kaldellis, J.K., 2022. "PV temperature and performance prediction in free-standing, BIPV and BAPV incorporating the effect of temperature and inclination on the heat transfer coefficients and the impact of wind, efficiency a," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 235-249.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:356:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923017804. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.