IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v355y2024ics0306261923016409.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hot air recirculation enlarges efficient operating window of reversible solid oxide cell systems: A thermodynamic study of energy storage using ammonia

Author

Listed:
  • Amladi, Amogh
  • Venkataraman, Vikrant
  • Woudstra, Theo
  • Aravind, P.V.

Abstract

Energy storage is vital for the energy transition, enabling reliable power grids based on intermittent renewables. Reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) technology is promising for seasonal energy storage. The novel finding from this work is that optimised air recirculation for rSOC in endothermic electrolyser mode leads to efficiency being nearly independent of current density. Thereby the operating region of highest efficiency is expanded from the thermoneutral point to the entire endothermic region, leading to highly efficient part-load operation. Air recirculation increases fuel cell mode efficiency too, particularly at higher loads. This widens the efficient operating window in both modes. These findings emerge from a thermodynamic study of an rSOC-based energy storage system with ammonia as fuel. A process design is developed and optimised for efficiency, supported with detailed exergy analysis. First, ammonia synthesis subsystem integrated with the rSOC system in electrolyser mode is optimised. Second, rSOC outlet air recirculation is optimised for high system efficiency. Finally, rSOC operating points are optimised for highest round-trip efficiency. We find the least exergy destruction for the ammonia synthesis subsystem at 170bar synthesis pressure and 30°C condensation temperature (without needing refrigeration). The overall system achieves round-trip efficiencies up to 60.3%.

Suggested Citation

  • Amladi, Amogh & Venkataraman, Vikrant & Woudstra, Theo & Aravind, P.V., 2024. "Hot air recirculation enlarges efficient operating window of reversible solid oxide cell systems: A thermodynamic study of energy storage using ammonia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:355:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923016409
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122276
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923016409
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122276?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hartmann, Niklas & Vöhringer, O. & Kruck, C. & Eltrop, L., 2012. "Simulation and analysis of different adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage plant configurations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 541-548.
    2. Wang, Ligang & Zhang, Yumeng & Pérez-Fortes, Mar & Aubin, Philippe & Lin, Tzu-En & Yang, Yongping & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan, 2020. "Reversible solid-oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power systems: Comparison of thermodynamic performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    3. Botta, G. & Mor, R. & Patel, H. & Aravind, P.V., 2018. "Thermodynamic evaluation of bi-directional solid oxide cell systems including year-round cumulative exergy analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1100-1118.
    4. Morris, David R. & Szargut, Jan, 1986. "Standard chemical exergy of some elements and compounds on the planet earth," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 733-755.
    5. Kirova-Yordanova, Zornitza, 2004. "Exergy analysis of industrial ammonia synthesis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2373-2384.
    6. Liso, Vincenzo & Olesen, Anders Christian & Nielsen, Mads Pagh & Kær, Søren Knudsen, 2011. "Performance comparison between partial oxidation and methane steam reforming processes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) micro combined heat and power (CHP) system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4216-4226.
    7. Paolo Di Giorgio & Umberto Desideri, 2016. "Potential of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Electricity Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Butera, Giacomo & Jensen, Søren Højgaard & Clausen, Lasse Røngaard, 2019. "A novel system for large-scale storage of electricity as synthetic natural gas using reversible pressurized solid oxide cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 738-754.
    9. Gandiglio, M. & Lanzini, A. & Leone, P. & Santarelli, M. & Borchiellini, R., 2013. "Thermoeconomic analysis of large solid oxide fuel cell plants: Atmospheric vs. pressurized performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 142-155.
    10. Gunther Glenk & Stefan Reichelstein, 2022. "Reversible Power-to-Gas systems for energy conversion and storage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Frank, Matthias & Deja, Robert & Peters, Roland & Blum, Ludger & Stolten, Detlef, 2018. "Bypassing renewable variability with a reversible solid oxide cell plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 101-112.
    12. Giannoulidis, Sotiris & Venkataraman, Vikrant & Woudstra, Theo & Aravind, P.V., 2020. "Methanol based Solid Oxide Reversible energy storage system – Does it make sense thermodynamically?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    13. Jeanmonod, Guillaume & Wang, Ligang & Diethelm, Stefan & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan, 2019. "Trade-off designs of power-to-methane systems via solid-oxide electrolyzer and the application to biogas upgrading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 572-581.
    14. Santhanam, S. & Heddrich, M.P. & Riedel, M. & Friedrich, K.A., 2017. "Theoretical and experimental study of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (r-SOC) systems for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 202-214.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Reznicek, Evan P. & Braun, Robert J., 2020. "Reversible solid oxide cell systems for integration with natural gas pipeline and carbon capture infrastructure for grid energy management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    2. Sun, Yi & Qian, Tang & Zhu, Jingdong & Zheng, Nan & Han, Yu & Xiao, Gang & Ni, Meng & Xu, Haoran, 2023. "Dynamic simulation of a reversible solid oxide cell system for efficient H2 production and power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    3. Preininger, Michael & Stoeckl, Bernhard & Subotić, Vanja & Mittmann, Frank & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2019. "Performance of a ten-layer reversible Solid Oxide Cell stack (rSOC) under transient operation for autonomous application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Saheli Biswas & Shambhu Singh Rathore & Aniruddha Pramod Kulkarni & Sarbjit Giddey & Sankar Bhattacharya, 2021. "A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Vitale, F. & Rispoli, N. & Sorrentino, M. & Rosen, M.A. & Pianese, C., 2021. "On the use of dynamic programming for optimal energy management of grid-connected reversible solid oxide cell-based renewable microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    6. Goraj, Rafał & Kiciński, Marcin & Ślefarski, Rafał & Duczkowska, Anna, 2023. "Validity of decision criteria for selecting power-to-gas projects in Poland," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    7. Eichhorn Colombo, Konrad W. & Kharton, Vladislav V. & Berto, Filippo & Paltrinieri, Nicola, 2020. "Mathematical modeling and simulation of hydrogen-fueled solid oxide fuel cell system for micro-grid applications - Effect of failure and degradation on transient performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    8. Wang, Ligang & Zhang, Yumeng & Pérez-Fortes, Mar & Aubin, Philippe & Lin, Tzu-En & Yang, Yongping & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan, 2020. "Reversible solid-oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power systems: Comparison of thermodynamic performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    9. Wang, Ligang & Zhang, Yumeng & Li, Chengzhou & Pérez-Fortes, Mar & Lin, Tzu-En & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan & Yang, Yongping, 2020. "Triple-mode grid-balancing plants via biomass gasification and reversible solid-oxide cell stack: Concept and thermodynamic performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    10. Zhang, Yumeng & Wang, Ningling & Tong, Xiaofeng & Duan, Liqiang & Lin, Tzu-En & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan & Wang, Ligang & Yang, Yongping, 2021. "Reversible solid-oxide cell stack based power-to-x-to-power systems: Economic potential evaluated via plant capital-cost target," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    11. Srikanth, S. & Heddrich, M.P. & Gupta, S. & Friedrich, K.A., 2018. "Transient reversible solid oxide cell reactor operation – Experimentally validated modeling and analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 473-488.
    12. Giap, Van-Tien & Lee, Young Duk & Kim, Young Sang & Ahn, Kook Young, 2020. "A novel electrical energy storage system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell coupled with metal hydrides and waste steam," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    13. Yang, Chao & Jing, Xiuhui & Miao, He & Xu, Jingxiang & Lin, Peijian & Li, Ping & Liang, Chaoyu & Wu, Yu & Yuan, Jinliang, 2021. "The physical properties and effects of sintering conditions on rSOFC fuel electrodes evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    14. Yang, Chao & Jing, Xiuhui & Miao, He & Wu, Yu & Shu, Chen & Wang, Jiatang & Zhang, Houcheng & Yu, Guojun & Yuan, Jinliang, 2020. "Analysis of effects of meso-scale reactions on multiphysics transport processes in rSOFC fueled with syngas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    15. Botta, G. & Mor, R. & Patel, H. & Aravind, P.V., 2018. "Thermodynamic evaluation of bi-directional solid oxide cell systems including year-round cumulative exergy analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1100-1118.
    16. Giap, Van-Tien & Kang, Sanggyu & Ahn, Kook Young, 2019. "HIGH-EFFICIENT reversible solid oxide fuel cell coupled with waste steam for distributed electrical energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 129-138.
    17. Buonomano, Annamaria & Calise, Francesco & d’Accadia, Massimo Dentice & Palombo, Adolfo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2015. "Hybrid solid oxide fuel cells–gas turbine systems for combined heat and power: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 32-85.
    18. Bejan, Adrian, 2018. "Thermodynamics today," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1208-1219.
    19. Liu, Jin-Long & Wang, Jian-Hua, 2015. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel tri-generation system based on compressed air energy storage and pneumatic motor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 420-429.
    20. Keramiotis, Ch. & Vourliotakis, G. & Skevis, G. & Founti, M.A. & Esarte, C. & Sánchez, N.E. & Millera, A. & Bilbao, R. & Alzueta, M.U., 2012. "Experimental and computational study of methane mixtures pyrolysis in a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 103-110.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:355:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923016409. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.