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Rapid rise of decarbonization potentials of photovoltaics plus electric vehicles in residential houses over commercial districts

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  • Kobashi, Takuro
  • Choi, Younghun
  • Hirano, Yujiro
  • Yamagata, Yoshiki
  • Say, Kelvin

Abstract

Rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to deeply decarbonize urban energy systems in a cost-effective way. The SolarEV City Concept suggested that the rooftop PV plus EV systems can supply up to 95% of electricity demand within cities in Japan. However, it was not clear which district in city could consume, generate, and store the PV electricity, as each district has different load patterns, building structures, and number of parked cars. In this study, we performed techno-economic analyses on rooftop PV systems integrated with stand-alone batteries or EVs in residential and commercial districts in Japan from 2020 to 2040. We found that rooftop PV systems in 2020 are already cost competitive relative to existing energy systems. However, “PV + EV” systems in residential houses rapidly increases its economic advantage over commercial districts due to greater rooftop space and higher number of available vehicles. Moreover, energy sharing significantly improved the decarbonization potential. By 2025, energy cost savings, payback periods, and internal rate of return (IRR) of residential “PV + EV” systems respectively reached 23%, 9 years, and 11%, and continued improving in subsequent years. CO2 emissions from electricity and gasoline consumption was reduced by 88%, and the system was capable to supplying 89% of electricity demand. The results indicate that residential “PV + EV” systems are a potential source for significant renewable energy generation and storage that can also produce increasingly dispatchable electricity. Policy makers, industries, and communities should prepare to establish these systems through regulatory reform and demonstration projects to scale-up after 2025.

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  • Kobashi, Takuro & Choi, Younghun & Hirano, Yujiro & Yamagata, Yoshiki & Say, Kelvin, 2022. "Rapid rise of decarbonization potentials of photovoltaics plus electric vehicles in residential houses over commercial districts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:306:y:2022:i:pb:s0306261921014185
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118142
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    2. Thiti Jittayasotorn & Muthiah Sadidah & Takahiro Yoshida & Takuro Kobashi, 2023. "On the Adoption of Rooftop Photovoltaics Integrated with Electric Vehicles toward Sustainable Bangkok City, Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2023. "A dynamic self-learning grid-responsive strategy for battery sharing economy—multi-objective optimisation and posteriori multi-criteria decision making," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    4. Yusuke Kishita & Yohei Yamaguchi & Yuji Mizuno & Shinichi Fukushige & Yasushi Umeda & Yoshiyuki Shimoda, 2024. "Scenario Analysis of Electricity Demand in the Residential Sector Based on the Diffusion of Energy-Efficient and Energy-Generating Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-15, July.
    5. Yingyue Li & Hongjun Li & Rui Miao & He Qi & Yi Zhang, 2023. "Energy–Environment–Economy (3E) Analysis of the Performance of Introducing Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems into Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, June.
    6. Tan, Jinjing & Pan, Weiqi & Li, Yang & Hu, Haoming & Zhang, Can, 2023. "Energy-sharing operation strategy of multi-district integrated energy systems considering carbon and renewable energy certificate trading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    7. Chang, Soowon & Cho, Junyoung & Heo, Jae & Kang, Junsuk & Kobashi, Takuro, 2022. "Energy infrastructure transitions with PV and EV combined systems using techno-economic analyses for decarbonization in cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    8. Kapsalis, Vasileios & Maduta, Carmen & Skandalos, Nikolaos & Wang, Meng & Bhuvad, Sushant Suresh & D'Agostino, Delia & Ma, Tao & Raj, Uday & Parker, Danny & Peng, Jinqing & Karamanis, Dimitris, 2024. "Critical assessment of large-scale rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the global urban environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    9. Yamaguchi, Yohei & Shoda, Yuto & Yoshizawa, Shinya & Imai, Tatsuya & Perwez, Usama & Shimoda, Yoshiyuki & Hayashi, Yasuhiro, 2023. "Feasibility assessment of net zero-energy transformation of building stock using integrated synthetic population, building stock, and power distribution network framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
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