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Detecting undesired lithium plating on anodes for lithium-ion batteries – A review on the in-situ methods

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  • Tian, Yu
  • Lin, Cheng
  • Li, Hailong
  • Du, Jiuyu
  • Xiong, Rui

Abstract

Lithium plating on anodes, which can happen during fast charging and low-temperature charging, and/or after long-term cycling, plays a crucial role in the aging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and leads to irreversible capacity fade and severe safety hazards. This study systematically reviews the recent progress in developing methods for in-situ detecting lithium plating in order to provide guidelines regarding selecting proper methods for on-board applications. In general, lithium plating can be divided into three stages according to the damage level. There are two categories of methods, electrochemical methods and physical methods, which can be used to detect lithium plating. Their principles, features, and limitations have been thoroughly analyzed. Trends for the prospective development of novel technologies are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Tian, Yu & Lin, Cheng & Li, Hailong & Du, Jiuyu & Xiong, Rui, 2021. "Detecting undesired lithium plating on anodes for lithium-ion batteries – A review on the in-situ methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:300:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921007893
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117386
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    Cited by:

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    2. Yu, Xiao & Lin, Cheng & Tian, Yu & Zhao, Mingjie & Liu, Huimin & Xie, Peng & Zhang, JunZhi, 2023. "Real-time and hierarchical energy management-control framework for electric vehicles with dual-motor powertrain system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    3. David Wasylowski & Heinrich Ditler & Morian Sonnet & Tim Falkenstein & Luca Leogrande & Emanuel Ronge & Alexander Blömeke & Andreas Würsig & Florian Ringbeck & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2024. "Operando visualisation of lithium plating by ultrasound imaging of battery cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Liu, Yisheng & Fan, Guodong & Zhou, Boru & Chen, Shun & Sun, Ziqiang & Wang, Yansong & Zhang, Xi, 2023. "Rapid and flexible battery capacity estimation using random short-time charging segments based on residual convolutional networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    5. Xiong, Rui & Wang, Peng & Jia, Yanbo & Shen, Weixiang & Sun, Fengchun, 2025. "Multi-factor aging in Lithium Iron phosphate batteries: Mechanisms and insights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    6. Yuan, Yuebo & Wang, Hewu & Sun, Yukun & Han, Xuebing & Zhu, Cheng & Ouyang, Minggao, 2025. "The influence of local lithium plating on battery safety and a novel detection method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    7. Sourav Das & Pranav Shrotriya, 2024. "Electrochemical Mechanism Underlying Lithium Plating in Batteries: Non-Invasive Detection and Mitigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-31, November.
    8. Zhou, Boru & Fan, Guodong & Wang, Yansong & Liu, Yisheng & Chen, Shun & Sun, Ziqiang & Meng, Chengwen & Yang, Jufeng & Zhang, Xi, 2024. "Life-extending optimal charging for lithium-ion batteries based on a multi-physics model and model predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    9. Hsu, Chia-Wei & Xiong, Rui & Chen, Nan-Yow & Li, Ju & Tsou, Nien-Ti, 2022. "Deep neural network battery life and voltage prediction by using data of one cycle only," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    10. Ko, Chi-Jyun & Chen, Kuo-Ching, 2024. "Constructing battery impedance spectroscopy using partial current in constant-voltage charging or partial relaxation voltage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    11. Chang, Chun & Li, Xinqi & Sun, Yuhui & Jiang, Jiuchun & Tian, Aina & Lv, Lu & Gao, Yang, 2025. "Force-signal driven real-time lithium plating detection in mechanically constrained LiFePO4 pouch cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

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