IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i23p5930-d1529742.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electrochemical Mechanism Underlying Lithium Plating in Batteries: Non-Invasive Detection and Mitigation

Author

Listed:
  • Sourav Das

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

  • Pranav Shrotriya

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA)

Abstract

Efficient, sustainable, safe, and portable energy storage technologies are required to reduce global dependence on fossil fuels. Lithium-ion batteries satisfy the need for reliability, high energy density, and power density in electrical transportation. Despite these advantages, lithium plating, i.e., the accumulation of metallic lithium on the graphite anode surface during rapid charging or at low temperatures, is an insidious failure mechanism that limits battery performance. Lithium plating significantly shortens the battery’s life and rapidly reduces capacity, limiting the widespread adoption of electrical vehicles. When lithium plating is extreme, it can develop lithium dendrites, which may pass through the separator and lead to an internal short circuit and the subsequent thermal runaway damage of the cell. Over the last two decades, a large number of published studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying lithium plating and on approaches to mitigate its harmful effects. Nevertheless, the physics underlying lithium plating still needs to be clarified. There is a lack of real-time techniques to accurately detect and quantify lithium plating. Real-time detection is essential for alleviating lithium plating-induced failure modes. Several strategies have been explored to minimize plating and its effect on battery life and safety, such as electrolyte design, anode structure design, and hybridized charging protocol design. We summarize the current developments and the different reported hypotheses regarding plating mechanisms, the influence of environmental and electrochemical conditions on plating, recent developments in electrochemical detection methods and their potential for real-time detection, and plating mitigation techniques. The advantages and concerns associated with different electrochemical detection and mitigation techniques are also highlighted. Lastly, we discuss outstanding technical issues and possible future research directions to encourage the development of novel ideas and methods to prevent lithium plating.

Suggested Citation

  • Sourav Das & Pranav Shrotriya, 2024. "Electrochemical Mechanism Underlying Lithium Plating in Batteries: Non-Invasive Detection and Mitigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5930-:d:1529742
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5930/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5930/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tian, Yu & Lin, Cheng & Li, Hailong & Du, Jiuyu & Xiong, Rui, 2021. "Detecting undesired lithium plating on anodes for lithium-ion batteries – A review on the in-situ methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    2. Diouf, Boucar & Pode, Ramchandra, 2015. "Potential of lithium-ion batteries in renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 375-380.
    3. Ecker, Madeleine & Shafiei Sabet, Pouyan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2017. "Influence of operational condition on lithium plating for commercial lithium-ion batteries – Electrochemical experiments and post-mortem-analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 934-946.
    4. Xiong, Rui & Sun, Fengchun & He, Hongwen & Nguyen, Trong Duy, 2013. "A data-driven adaptive state of charge and power capability joint estimator of lithium-ion polymer battery used in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 295-308.
    5. Ruan, Haijun & Jiang, Jiuchun & Sun, Bingxiang & Su, Xiaojia & He, Xitian & Zhao, Kejie, 2019. "An optimal internal-heating strategy for lithium-ion batteries at low temperature considering both heating time and lifetime reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jiang, Jiuchun & Liu, Sijia & Ma, Zeyu & Wang, Le Yi & Wu, Ke, 2016. "Butler-Volmer equation-based model and its implementation on state of power prediction of high-power lithium titanate batteries considering temperature effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P1), pages 58-72.
    2. Zhou, Boru & Fan, Guodong & Wang, Yansong & Liu, Yisheng & Chen, Shun & Sun, Ziqiang & Meng, Chengwen & Yang, Jufeng & Zhang, Xi, 2024. "Life-extending optimal charging for lithium-ion batteries based on a multi-physics model and model predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    3. Ko, Chi-Jyun & Chen, Kuo-Ching, 2024. "Constructing battery impedance spectroscopy using partial current in constant-voltage charging or partial relaxation voltage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    4. Angeles Cabañero, Maria & Altmann, Johannes & Gold, Lukas & Boaretto, Nicola & Müller, Jana & Hein, Simon & Zausch, Jochen & Kallo, Josef & Latz, Arnulf, 2019. "Investigation of the temperature dependence of lithium plating onset conditions in commercial Li-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1217-1228.
    5. Pang, Haidong & Yang, Zunxian & Lv, Jun & Yan, Wenhuan & Guo, Tailiang, 2014. "Novel MnOx@Carbon hybrid nanowires with core/shell architecture as highly reversible anode materials for lithium ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 392-398.
    6. Ostanek, Jason K. & Li, Weisi & Mukherjee, Partha P. & Crompton, K.R. & Hacker, Christopher, 2020. "Simulating onset and evolution of thermal runaway in Li-ion cells using a coupled thermal and venting model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    7. Ghorbanzadeh, Milad & Astaneh, Majid & Golzar, Farzin, 2019. "Long-term degradation based analysis for lithium-ion batteries in off-grid wind-battery renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1194-1206.
    8. Yang, Jie & Yu, Fan & Ma, Kai & Yang, Bo & Yue, Zhiyuan, 2024. "Optimal scheduling of electric-hydrogen integrated charging station for new energy vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Shi, Xingyi & Li, Guangzhe & Zhang, Ruihan & Esan, Oladapo Christopher & Huo, Xiaoyu & Wu, Qixing & An, Liang, 2024. "Operation of rechargeable metal-ion batteries in low-temperature environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    10. Parlikar, Anupam & Truong, Cong Nam & Jossen, Andreas & Hesse, Holger, 2021. "The carbon footprint of island grids with lithium-ion battery systems: An analysis based on levelized emissions of energy supply," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    11. He, Hongwen & Xiong, Rui & Peng, Jiankun, 2016. "Real-time estimation of battery state-of-charge with unscented Kalman filter and RTOS μCOS-II platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1410-1418.
    12. Qin, Yudi & Du, Jiuyu & Lu, Languang & Gao, Ming & Haase, Frank & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2020. "A rapid lithium-ion battery heating method based on bidirectional pulsed current: Heating effect and impact on battery life," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    13. Yu, Xiao & Lin, Cheng & Tian, Yu & Zhao, Mingjie & Liu, Huimin & Xie, Peng & Zhang, JunZhi, 2023. "Real-time and hierarchical energy management-control framework for electric vehicles with dual-motor powertrain system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    14. Deng, Zhongwei & Deng, Hao & Yang, Lin & Cai, Yishan & Zhao, Xiaowei, 2017. "Implementation of reduced-order physics-based model and multi-parameters identification strategy for lithium-ion battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 509-519.
    15. Thanh-Tung Nguyen & Abdul Basit Khan & Younghwi Ko & Woojin Choi, 2020. "An Accurate State of Charge Estimation Method for Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Using a Combination of an Unscented Kalman Filter and a Particle Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, September.
    16. David Marcos & Maitane Garmendia & Jon Crego & José Antonio Cortajarena, 2021. "Functional Safety BMS Design Methodology for Automotive Lithium-Based Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    17. Yang, Yuqing & Bremner, Stephen & Menictas, Chris & Kay, Merlinde, 2022. "Forecasting error processing techniques and frequency domain decomposition for forecasting error compensation and renewable energy firming in hybrid systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    18. He, Rong & He, Yongling & Xie, Wenlong & Guo, Bin & Yang, Shichun, 2023. "Comparative analysis for commercial li-ion batteries degradation using the distribution of relaxation time method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    19. Yao Ahoutou & Adrian Ilinca & Mohamad Issa, 2022. "Electrochemical Cells and Storage Technologies to Increase Renewable Energy Share in Cold Climate Conditions—A Critical Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    20. Hsu, Chia-Wei & Xiong, Rui & Chen, Nan-Yow & Li, Ju & Tsou, Nien-Ti, 2022. "Deep neural network battery life and voltage prediction by using data of one cycle only," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:5930-:d:1529742. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.