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From removal to recovery: An evaluation of nitrogen recovery techniques from wastewater

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  • Beckinghausen, Aubrey
  • Odlare, Monica
  • Thorin, Eva
  • Schwede, Sebastian

Abstract

Nitrogen recovery is the next step in the improvement of the wastewater treatment process, utilizing this important nutrient for fertilizers to decrease use of energy, petrochemicals, and impact on the environment. The majority of wastewater treatment plants currently employ methods to remove nitrogen which are energy intensive and have no additional benefits besides complying with effluent concentration limits. Instead, recovering nitrogen allows simultaneous treatment of wastewater while collecting a concentrated ammonia product, creating a circular economy solution. This review acts to compile current research regarding nitrogen recovery and compare different techniques' recovery efficiencies and energy requirements. One outcome of this review is that more than one third of the techniques reviewed had little comments around the energy question, and thus more research needs to take place as these recovery systems continue to evolve towards full scale implementation. Additionally, a basic economic analysis was completed to demonstrate potential investment opportunities to implement these technologies. From this investigation, gas permeable membrane technology has the potential to recover ammonia from wastewater using little energy and may provide a small income with the sale of the product. Other techniques such as vacuum membrane distillation with acid absorption need further validation to determine the energy costs, as the amount of heat recycling has a great impact on the overall energy and economic balances. Finally, a discussion of the misalignment of products from recovery techniques and fertilizers in use today highlights the lack of communication and information sharing between the research community and the end users.

Suggested Citation

  • Beckinghausen, Aubrey & Odlare, Monica & Thorin, Eva & Schwede, Sebastian, 2020. "From removal to recovery: An evaluation of nitrogen recovery techniques from wastewater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:263:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920301288
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114616
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    5. Siqueira, J.C. & Braga, M.Q. & Ázara, M.S. & Garcia, K.J. & Alencar, S.N.M. & Ramos, T.S. & Siniscalchi, L.A.B. & Assemany, P.P. & Ensinas, A.V., 2022. "Recovery of vinasse with combined microalgae cultivation in a conceptual energy-efficient industrial plant: Analysis of related process considerations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    6. Byun, Manhee & Lim, Dongjun & Lee, Boreum & Kim, Ayeon & Lee, In-Beum & Brigljević, Boris & Lim, Hankwon, 2022. "Economically feasible decarbonization of the Haber-Bosch process through supercritical CO2 Allam cycle integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    7. Isabel González-García & Berta Riaño & Beatriz Molinuevo-Salces & María Cruz García-González, 2023. "Effect of Alkali and Membrane Area on the Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorous from Digestate by Membrane Technology and Chemical Precipitation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, February.
    8. Bethany Cooper & Walter O. Okello, 2021. "An economic lens to understanding antimicrobial resistance: disruptive cases to livestock and wastewater management in Australia," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 65(4), pages 900-917, October.
    9. Beckinghausen, Aubrey & Reynders, Jonathan & Merckel, Ryan & Wu, Yun Wen & Marais, Heidi & Schwede, Sebastian, 2020. "Post-pyrolysis treatments of biochars from sewage sludge and A. mearnsii for ammonia (NH4-n) recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
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