IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v196y2017icp82-96.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental study of wake structure behind a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Yaling
  • Lin, Binliang
  • Lin, Jie
  • Wang, Shujie

Abstract

A detailed experimental investigation of the wake propagation behind a horizontal axis turbine with three blades was conducted in a recirculating water flume. An Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter was employed to measure the time varying velocities at fifteen depths across the width of the open flume to obtain the three-dimensional velocity and turbulence fields within the length of 20 Rotor Diameters downstream. The experimental results indicated that velocity reduction in the wake was caused by both the kinetic energy extraction and blockage effects of the tidal stream turbine rotor and stanchion. The maximum velocity deficit occurred at the wake core due to a lower tip speed ratio and blockage of the hub. The wake strip gradually enlarged with the distance downstream, with less mixing in the transverse direction. The wake zone shifted towards the water surface in the vertical direction, which mainly resulted from the merging of two wakes induced by turbine rotor and stanchion. The wake rotation was also observed, and the maximum circumfluence velocity was approximately 20% of the stream-wise velocity; thus, it had a significant influence on the process of near wake mixing. Furthermore, the wake turbulence of the turbine was strong and anisotropic, which would have an impact on the behaviour of other turbines located downstream if they were in a turbine array. In addition, the turbine stanchion had a visible influence on the wake structure, especially near the wake, which should not be neglected when studying the wake characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Yaling & Lin, Binliang & Lin, Jie & Wang, Shujie, 2017. "Experimental study of wake structure behind a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 82-96.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:196:y:2017:i:c:p:82-96
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.126
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917303720
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.126?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ramos, V. & Carballo, R. & Álvarez, M. & Sánchez, M. & Iglesias, G., 2013. "Assessment of the impacts of tidal stream energy through high-resolution numerical modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 541-554.
    2. Shives, Michael & Crawford, Curran, 2016. "Adapted two-equation turbulence closures for actuator disk RANS simulations of wind & tidal turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 273-292.
    3. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Nguyen, Van Thinh & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Gualous, Hamid, 2016. "Tidal farm analysis using an analytical model for the flow velocity prediction in the wake of a tidal turbine with small diameter to depth ratio," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 347-359.
    4. Sun, X. & Chick, J.P. & Bryden, I.G., 2008. "Laboratory-scale simulation of energy extraction from tidal currents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1267-1274.
    5. Nguyen, Van Thinh & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Santa Cruz, Alina, 2016. "Modelling turbulence with an Actuator Disk representing a tidal turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 625-635.
    6. Neary, Vincent S. & Gunawan, Budi & Hill, Craig & Chamorro, Leonardo P., 2013. "Near and far field flow disturbances induced by model hydrokinetic turbine: ADV and ADP comparison," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1-6.
    7. Pinon, Grégory & Mycek, Paul & Germain, Grégory & Rivoalen, Elie, 2012. "Numerical simulation of the wake of marine current turbines with a particle method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 111-126.
    8. Robins, Peter E. & Neill, Simon P. & Lewis, Matt J. & Ward, Sophie L., 2015. "Characterising the spatial and temporal variability of the tidal-stream energy resource over the northwest European shelf seas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 510-522.
    9. Schluntz, J. & Willden, R.H.J., 2015. "The effect of blockage on tidal turbine rotor design and performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 432-441.
    10. Lam, Wei-Haur & Chen, Long & Hashim, Roslan, 2015. "Analytical wake model of tidal current turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 512-521.
    11. Pacheco, A. & Ferreira, Ó., 2016. "Hydrodynamic changes imposed by tidal energy converters on extracting energy on a real case scenario," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 369-385.
    12. Mason-Jones, A. & O'Doherty, D.M. & Morris, C.E. & O'Doherty, T., 2013. "Influence of a velocity profile & support structure on tidal stream turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 23-30.
    13. Fallon, D. & Hartnett, M. & Olbert, A. & Nash, S., 2014. "The effects of array configuration on the hydro-environmental impacts of tidal turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 10-25.
    14. Bahaj, A.S. & Molland, A.F. & Chaplin, J.R. & Batten, W.M.J., 2007. "Power and thrust measurements of marine current turbines under various hydrodynamic flow conditions in a cavitation tunnel and a towing tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 407-426.
    15. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Gualous, Hamid, 2016. "A semi-analytic method to optimize tidal farm layouts – Application to the Alderney Race (Raz Blanchard), France," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1168-1180.
    16. Vennell, Ross, 2012. "Realizing the potential of tidal currents and the efficiency of turbine farms in a channel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 95-102.
    17. Vennell, Ross, 2012. "The energetics of large tidal turbine arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 210-219.
    18. O Rourke, Fergal & Boyle, Fergal & Reynolds, Anthony, 2010. "Tidal energy update 2009," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 398-409, February.
    19. Vennell, Ross, 2013. "Exceeding the Betz limit with tidal turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 277-285.
    20. Mycek, Paul & Gaurier, Benoît & Germain, Grégory & Pinon, Grégory & Rivoalen, Elie, 2014. "Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. Part II: Two interacting turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 876-892.
    21. Mycek, Paul & Gaurier, Benoît & Germain, Grégory & Pinon, Grégory & Rivoalen, Elie, 2014. "Experimental study of the turbulence intensity effects on marine current turbines behaviour. Part I: One single turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 729-746.
    22. Jo, Chul-Hee & Lee, Jun-Ho & Rho, Yu-Ho & Lee, Kang-Hee, 2014. "Performance analysis of a HAT tidal current turbine and wake flow characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 175-182.
    23. Zhou, Zhibin & Benbouzid, Mohamed & Charpentier, Jean-Frédéric & Scuiller, Franck & Tang, Tianhao, 2017. "Developments in large marine current turbine technologies – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 852-858.
    24. Kolekar, Nitin & Banerjee, Arindam, 2015. "Performance characterization and placement of a marine hydrokinetic turbine in a tidal channel under boundary proximity and blockage effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 121-133.
    25. Tedds, S.C. & Owen, I. & Poole, R.J., 2014. "Near-wake characteristics of a model horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 222-235.
    26. Myers, L.E. & Bahaj, A.S., 2012. "An experimental investigation simulating flow effects in first generation marine current energy converter arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 28-36.
    27. Lo Zupone, Giacomo & Amelio, Mario & Barbarelli, Silvio & Florio, Gaetano & Scornaienchi, Nino Michele & Cutrupi, Antonino, 2017. "Lcoe evaluation for a tidal kinetic self balancing turbine: Case study and comparison," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1292-1302.
    28. Lewis, M. & Neill, S.P. & Robins, P.E. & Hashemi, M.R., 2015. "Resource assessment for future generations of tidal-stream energy arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 403-415.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dou, Bingzheng & Guala, Michele & Lei, Liping & Zeng, Pan, 2019. "Wake model for horizontal-axis wind and hydrokinetic turbines in yawed conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1383-1395.
    2. Gao, Jinjin & Liu, Han & Lee, Jiyong & Zheng, Yuan & Guala, Michele & Shen, Lian, 2022. "Large-eddy simulation and Co-Design strategy for a drag-type vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine in open channel flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1305-1316.
    3. Zhang, Zhi & Zhang, Yuquan & Zheng, Yuan & Zhang, Jisheng & Fernandez-Rodriguez, Emmanuel & Zang, Wei & Ji, Renwei, 2023. "Power fluctuation and wake characteristics of tidal stream turbine subjected to wave and current interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    4. Liu, Xiaodong & Feng, Bo & Liu, Di & Wang, Yiming & Zhao, Haitao & Si, Yulin & Zhang, Dahai & Qian, Peng, 2022. "Study on two-rotor interaction of counter-rotating horizontal axis tidal turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    5. Chen, Yaling & Lin, Binliang & Sun, Jian & Guo, Jinxi & Wu, Wenlong, 2019. "Hydrodynamic effects of the ratio of rotor diameter to water depth: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 331-341.
    6. Di Felice, Fabio & Capone, Alessandro & Romano, Giovanni Paolo & Alves Pereira, Francisco, 2023. "Experimental study of the turbulent flow in the wake of a horizontal axis tidal current turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 17-34.
    7. Can Zhang & Jisheng Zhang & Athanasios Angeloudis & Yudi Zhou & Stephan C. Kramer & Matthew D. Piggott, 2023. "Physical Modelling of Tidal Stream Turbine Wake Structures under Yaw Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Chen, Long & Yao, Yu & Wang, Zhi-liang, 2020. "Development and validation of a prediction model for the multi-wake of tidal stream turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 800-809.
    9. Linlin Tian & Yilei Song & Ning Zhao & Wenzhong Shen & Tongguang Wang, 2019. "AD/RANS Simulations of Wind Turbine Wake Flow Employing the RSM Turbulence Model: Impact of Isotropic and Anisotropic Inflow Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-14, October.
    10. Ahmadi, Mohammad H.B. & Yang, Zhiyin, 2020. "The evolution of turbulence characteristics in the wake of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1008-1015.
    11. Chuhua Jiang & Xuedao Shu & Junhua Chen & Lingjie Bao & Hao Li, 2020. "Research on Performance Evaluation of Tidal Energy Turbine under Variable Velocity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    12. Marco Piano & Peter E. Robins & Alan G. Davies & Simon P. Neill, 2018. "The Influence of Intra-Array Wake Dynamics on Depth-Averaged Kinetic Tidal Turbine Energy Extraction Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, October.
    13. Fontaine, A.A. & Straka, W.A. & Meyer, R.S. & Jonson, M.L. & Young, S.D. & Neary, V.S., 2020. "Performance and wake flow characterization of a 1:8.7-scale reference USDOE MHKF1 hydrokinetic turbine to establish a verification and validation test database," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 451-467.
    14. Niebuhr, C.M. & Schmidt, S. & van Dijk, M. & Smith, L. & Neary, V.S., 2022. "A review of commercial numerical modelling approaches for axial hydrokinetic turbine wake analysis in channel flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    15. Almoghayer, Mohammed A. & Woolf, David K. & Kerr, Sandy & Davies, Gareth, 2022. "Integration of tidal energy into an island energy system – A case study of Orkney islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    16. Lin, Jie & Lin, Binliang & Sun, Jian & Chen, Yaling, 2021. "Wake structure and mechanical energy transformation induced by a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1344-1356.
    17. Zhang, Jisheng & Lin, Xiangfeng & Wang, Risheng & Guo, Yakun & Zhang, Can & Zhang, Yuquan, 2020. "Flow structures in wake of a pile-supported horizontal axis tidal stream turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2321-2334.
    18. Karina Soto-Rivas & David Richter & Cristian Escauriaza, 2019. "A Formulation of the Thrust Coefficient for Representing Finite-Sized Farms of Tidal Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    19. Craig Hill & Vincent S. Neary & Michele Guala & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2020. "Performance and Wake Characterization of a Model Hydrokinetic Turbine: The Reference Model 1 (RM1) Dual Rotor Tidal Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.
    20. Li, Liang & Cheng, Zhengshun & Yuan, Zhiming & Gao, Yan, 2018. "Short-term extreme response and fatigue damage of an integrated offshore renewable energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 617-629.
    21. Guerra, Maricarmen & Thomson, Jim, 2019. "Wake measurements from a hydrokinetic river turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 483-495.
    22. Mickael Grondeau & Sylvain S. Guillou & Jean Charles Poirier & Philippe Mercier & Emmnuel Poizot & Yann Méar, 2022. "Studying the Wake of a Tidal Turbine with an IBM-LBM Approach Using Realistic Inflow Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-34, March.
    23. Maduka, Maduka & Li, Chi Wai, 2022. "Experimental evaluation of power performance and wake characteristics of twin flanged duct turbines in tandem under bi-directional tidal flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1543-1567.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Yaling & Lin, Binliang & Sun, Jian & Guo, Jinxi & Wu, Wenlong, 2019. "Hydrodynamic effects of the ratio of rotor diameter to water depth: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 331-341.
    2. Faizan, Muhammad & Badshah, Saeed & Badshah, Mujahid & Haider, Basharat Ali, 2022. "Performance and wake analysis of horizontal axis tidal current turbine using Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 740-752.
    3. Vinod, Ashwin & Banerjee, Arindam, 2019. "Performance and near-wake characterization of a tidal current turbine in elevated levels of free stream turbulence," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Laws, Nicholas D. & Epps, Brenden P., 2016. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1245-1259.
    5. Niebuhr, C.M. & Schmidt, S. & van Dijk, M. & Smith, L. & Neary, V.S., 2022. "A review of commercial numerical modelling approaches for axial hydrokinetic turbine wake analysis in channel flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    6. Vinod, Ashwin & Han, Cong & Banerjee, Arindam, 2021. "Tidal turbine performance and near-wake characteristics in a sheared turbulent inflow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 840-852.
    7. Edmunds, Matt & Williams, Alison J. & Masters, Ian & Banerjee, Arindam & VanZwieten, James H., 2020. "A spatially nonlinear generalised actuator disk model for the simulation of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    8. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Gualous, Hamid, 2017. "Assessing the effectiveness of a global optimum strategy within a tidal farm for power maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 653-666.
    9. Maduka, Maduka & Li, Chi Wai, 2022. "Experimental evaluation of power performance and wake characteristics of twin flanged duct turbines in tandem under bi-directional tidal flows," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1543-1567.
    10. Stephen Nash & Agnieszka I. Olbert & Michael Hartnett, 2015. "Towards a Low-Cost Modelling System for Optimising the Layout of Tidal Turbine Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-19, November.
    11. Modali, Pranav K. & Vinod, Ashwin & Banerjee, Arindam, 2021. "Towards a better understanding of yawed turbine wake for efficient wake steering in tidal arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 482-494.
    12. Mujahid Badshah & Saeed Badshah & James VanZwieten & Sakhi Jan & Muhammad Amir & Suheel Abdullah Malik, 2019. "Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Modelling of Loads Variation and Fatigue Life of a Full-Scale Tidal Turbine under the Effect of Velocity Profile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Marco Piano & Peter E. Robins & Alan G. Davies & Simon P. Neill, 2018. "The Influence of Intra-Array Wake Dynamics on Depth-Averaged Kinetic Tidal Turbine Energy Extraction Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, October.
    14. Lo Brutto, Ottavio A. & Thiébot, Jérôme & Guillou, Sylvain S. & Gualous, Hamid, 2016. "A semi-analytic method to optimize tidal farm layouts – Application to the Alderney Race (Raz Blanchard), France," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1168-1180.
    15. Elie, B. & Oger, G. & Guillerm, P.-E. & Alessandrini, B., 2017. "Simulation of horizontal axis tidal turbine wakes using a Weakly-Compressible Cartesian Hydrodynamic solver with local mesh refinement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 336-354.
    16. Chen, Long & Yao, Yu & Wang, Zhi-liang, 2020. "Development and validation of a prediction model for the multi-wake of tidal stream turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 800-809.
    17. Koh, W.X.M. & Ng, E.Y.K., 2017. "A CFD study on the performance of a tidal turbine under various flow and blockage conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 124-137.
    18. Craig Hill & Vincent S. Neary & Michele Guala & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2020. "Performance and Wake Characterization of a Model Hydrokinetic Turbine: The Reference Model 1 (RM1) Dual Rotor Tidal Energy Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, October.
    19. Thiébot, Jérôme & Guillou, Nicolas & Guillou, Sylvain & Good, Andrew & Lewis, Michael, 2020. "Wake field study of tidal turbines under realistic flow conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1196-1208.
    20. Ebdon, Tim & Allmark, Matthew J. & O’Doherty, Daphne M. & Mason-Jones, Allan & O’Doherty, Tim & Germain, Gregory & Gaurier, Benoit, 2021. "The impact of turbulence and turbine operating condition on the wakes of tidal turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P2), pages 96-116.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:196:y:2017:i:c:p:82-96. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.