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Bioenergy production from algae using dairy manure as a nutrient source: Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission analysis

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  • Chowdhury, Raja
  • Freire, Fausto

Abstract

This study estimated the potential of algal bioenergy production using nitrogen and phosphorus present in the dairy manure (produced in the US). State wise dairy manure production and energy mixes were used to estimate algal bioenergy production and associated life cycle nonrenewable primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions for the four scenarios. These scenarios were constructed using various combination of following processes (i) anaerobic digestion, (ii) algal biodiesel production using effluent from (i), (iii) pyrolysis, and (iv) enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioenergy production, nonrenewable primary energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of each state were aggregated to estimate the total bioenergy production, nonrenewable primary energy requirement and greenhouse gas emissions for the US. Two different cases were simulated for each scenario, one without taking into account the nutrient values (N, P) of applied sludge generated from the bioenergy production (Case B) while in the other one, nutrient values of sludge were considered (Case A). For incorporation of nutrient values of sludge, system expansion approach was used. It was estimated that by using dairy manure, 0.56 billion GJ/yr bioenergy could be produced. Minimum “nonrenewable primary energy requirement (NRPER)” (GJ/GJ) [Total primary nonrenewable energy requirement/bioenergy produced] and GHG emissions (kg CO2 eq./GJ bioenergy produced) for the four scenarios (1–4) for case B were as follows (1) 0.37, 27 (2) 0.51, −30; (3) 0.55, 47 and (4) 0.70, 15 respectively. In case A, NRPER did not change as compared to case B. GHG emissions increased in case A scenarios as compared to case B scenarios. The increase in GHG emission was mostly due to incorporation of reference scenario (raw dairy manure was applied on the ground) and N2O emission from the sludge amended soil.

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  • Chowdhury, Raja & Freire, Fausto, 2015. "Bioenergy production from algae using dairy manure as a nutrient source: Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1112-1121.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:154:y:2015:i:c:p:1112-1121
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.045
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    Cited by:

    1. Lim, Teng & Massey, Ray & McCann, Laura & Canter, Timothy & Omura, Seabrook & Willett, Cammy & Roach, Alice & Key, Nigel & Dodson, Laura, 2023. "Increasing the Value of Manure for Farmers," USDA Miscellaneous 333552, United States Department of Agriculture.
    2. Jiang, Xuemei & Guan, Dabo, 2016. "Determinants of global CO2 emissions growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1132-1141.
    3. Raja Chowdhury & Nidia Caetano & Matthew J. Franchetti & Kotnoor Hariprasad, 2023. "Life Cycle Based GHG Emissions from Algae Based Bioenergy with a Special Emphasis on Climate Change Indicators and Their Uses in Dynamic LCA: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Swati Dahiya & Raja Chowdhury & Pradeep Kumar & Sanjoy Ghosh & Asha Srinivasan, 2022. "Recovery of Sugar and Nutrients from Algae and Colocasia esculenta (Taro) Leaves Using Chemical Hydrolysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Swati Dahiya & Raja Chowdhury & Wendong Tao & Pradeep Kumar, 2021. "Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Togarcheti, Sarat Chandra & Mediboyina, Maneesh kumar & Chauhan, Vikas Singh & Mukherji, Suparna & Ravi, Sarada & Mudliar, Sandeep Narayan, 2017. "Life cycle assessment of microalgae based biodiesel production to evaluate the impact of biomass productivity and energy source," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 286-294.
    7. Saumya Verma & Raja Chowdhury & Sarat K. Das & Matthew J. Franchetti & Gang Liu, 2021. "Sunlight Intensity, Photosynthetically Active Radiation Modelling and Its Application in Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment and Its Cost Estimation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-28, October.

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