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Investigation of deactivation mechanisms of a solid acid catalyst during esterification of the bio-oils from mallee biomass

Author

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  • Hu, Xun
  • Lievens, Caroline
  • Mourant, Daniel
  • Wang, Yi
  • Wu, Liping
  • Gunawan, Richard
  • Song, Yao
  • Li, Chun-Zhu

Abstract

This study reports the deactivation mechanisms of the solid acid catalyst Amberlyst 70 during the esterification of bio-oils from mallee biomass and the methods for catalyst regeneration. The metal ions in bio-oil deactivated Amberlyst 70 via ion exchange with the hydrogen ions on/in catalyst, which changed structure of catalysts and reduced availability of acidic sites. N-containing organics reacted with the hydrogen ions on/in catalyst, forming neutral salts and resulting in complete catalyst deactivation. Polymers formed during the esterification of bio-oils deposited on/in catalyst, reducing the accessibility of catalytic sites. Washing with solvents could remove some adsorbed organics and restore some catalytic activity but not much. In comparison, ion exchange in a concentrated sulfuric acid removes most of metal ions and the N-containing organics and significantly improves the catalytic activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Xun & Lievens, Caroline & Mourant, Daniel & Wang, Yi & Wu, Liping & Gunawan, Richard & Song, Yao & Li, Chun-Zhu, 2013. "Investigation of deactivation mechanisms of a solid acid catalyst during esterification of the bio-oils from mallee biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 94-103.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:111:y:2013:i:c:p:94-103
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.078
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    2. Yue, Xia & Chen, Dezhen & Luo, Jia & Xin, Qianfan & Huang, Zhen, 2020. "Upgrading of reed pyrolysis oil by using its biochar-based catalytic esterification and the influence of reed sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    3. Kang, Shimin & Fu, Jinxia & Zhang, Gang, 2018. "From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 340-362.
    4. Gholizadeh, Mortaza & Hu, Xun & Liu, Qing, 2019. "A mini review of the specialties of the bio-oils produced from pyrolysis of 20 different biomasses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Jiang, Shengjuan & Hu, Xun & Xia, Daohong & Li, Chun-Zhu, 2016. "Formation of aromatic ring structures during the thermal treatment of mallee wood cylinders at low temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 542-551.
    6. Zhang, Qing & Xu, Ying & Li, Yuping & Wang, Tiejun & Zhang, Qi & Ma, Longlong & He, Minghong & Li, Kai, 2015. "Investigation on the esterification by using supercritical ethanol for bio-oil upgrading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 633-640.
    7. Zhang, Zhanming & Zhang, Lijun & Liu, Fang & Sun, Yifan & Shao, Yuewen & Sun, Kai & Zhang, Shu & Liu, Qing & Hu, Guangzhi & Hu, Xun, 2020. "Tailoring the surface properties of Ni/SiO2 catalyst with sulfuric acid for enhancing the catalytic efficiency for steam reforming of guaiacol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 423-439.
    8. Sun, Kai & Zhang, Lijun & Xu, Qing & Zhang, Zhanming & Shao, Yuewen & Dong, Dehua & Gao, Guanggang & Liu, Qing & Wang, Shuang & Hu, Xun, 2020. "Evidence for cross-polymerization between the biomass-derived furans and phenolics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 517-531.
    9. Xiong, Zhe & Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A. & Hu, Xun & Guo, Junhao & Qiu, Jihua & Zhao, Xingyu & Su, Sheng & Hu, Song & Wang, Yi & Xiang, Jun, 2019. "Pyrolysis of the aromatic-poor and aromatic-rich fractions of bio-oil: Characterization of coke structure and elucidation of coke formation mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 981-990.

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