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Emergent synchronisation properties of a refrigerator demand side management system

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  • Kremers, Enrique
  • González de Durana, José Marı´a
  • Barambones, Oscar

Abstract

In order to analyse the possibilities of improving grid stability on island systems by local demand response mechanisms, a multi-agent simulation model is presented. To support the primary reserve, an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) using refrigerator loads is modelled. The model represents the system at multiple scales, by recreating each refrigerator individually, and coupling the whole population of refrigerators to a model which simulates the frequency response of the energy system, allowing for cross-scale interactions. Using a simple UFLS strategy, emergent phenomena appear in the simulation. Synchronisation effects among the individual loads were discovered, which can have strong, undesirable impacts on the system such as oscillations of loads and frequency. The phase transition from a stable to an oscillating system is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Kremers, Enrique & González de Durana, José Marı´a & Barambones, Oscar, 2013. "Emergent synchronisation properties of a refrigerator demand side management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 709-717.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:101:y:2013:i:c:p:709-717
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.021
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wright, Andrew & Firth, Steven, 2007. "The nature of domestic electricity-loads and effects of time averaging on statistics and on-site generation calculations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(4), pages 389-403, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gonzalez de Durana, Jose & Barambones, Oscar, 2018. "Technology-free microgrid modeling with application to demand side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 165-178.
    2. Diaz-Londono, Cesar & Enescu, Diana & Ruiz, Fredy & Mazza, Andrea, 2020. "Experimental modeling and aggregation strategy for thermoelectric refrigeration units as flexible loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    3. Postnikov, A. & Albayati, I.M. & Pearson, S. & Bingham, C. & Bickerton, R. & Zolotas, A., 2019. "Facilitating static firm frequency response with aggregated networks of commercial food refrigeration systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Ibrahim M. Saleh & Andrey Postnikov & Corneliu Arsene & Argyrios C. Zolotas & Chris Bingham & Ronald Bickerton & Simon Pearson, 2018. "Impact of Demand Side Response on a Commercial Retail Refrigeration System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Song, Yuguang & Chen, Fangjian & Xia, Mingchao & Chen, Qifang, 2022. "The interactive dispatch strategy for thermostatically controlled loads based on the source–load collaborative evolution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    6. Rajeev, T. & Ashok, S., 2015. "Dynamic load-shifting program based on a cloud computing framework to support the integration of renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 141-149.
    7. He, Senyu & Yin, Jianhua & Zhang, Bin & Wang, Zhaohua, 2018. "How to upgrade an enterprise’s low-carbon technologies under a carbon tax: The trade-off between tax and upgrade fee," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 564-573.
    8. Xia, Mingchao & Song, Yuguang & Chen, Qifang, 2019. "Hierarchical control of thermostatically controlled loads oriented smart buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    9. Ellen Webborn & Robert S. MacKay, 2017. "A Stability Analysis of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Frequency Control," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-26, December.
    10. Farzamkia, Saleh & Ranjbar, Hossein & Hatami, Alireza & Iman-Eini, Hossein, 2016. "A novel PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based approach for optimal schedule of refrigerators using experimental models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 707-715.
    11. Romero Rodríguez, Laura & Brennenstuhl, Marcus & Yadack, Malcolm & Boch, Pirmin & Eicker, Ursula, 2019. "Heuristic optimization of clusters of heat pumps: A simulation and case study of residential frequency reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 943-958.
    12. Dehghanpour, Kaveh & Afsharnia, Saeed, 2015. "Electrical demand side contribution to frequency control in power systems: a review on technical aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1267-1276.

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