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Effect of subsurface drainage on water balance and water table in poorly drained paddy fields

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  • Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah
  • Mirlatifi, Seyed Majid
  • Shahnazari, Ali
  • Ejlali, Farid
  • Mahdian, Mohammad Hossein

Abstract

The hydrological effects of different drainage systems were investigated as a pilot study in 4.5ha of paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, located at Mazandaran province, Northern Iran (36.3°N, 53.04°E), during two successive growing seasons of rice and canola from July 2011 to May 2012. Experimental treatments were: three conventional subsurface drainage systems including drainage system with drain depth of 0.9m and drain spacing of 30m (D0.9L30), drain depth of 0.65m and drain spacing of 30m (D0.65L30), and drain depth of 0.65m and drain spacing of 15m (D0.65L15); a bi-level subsurface drainage system with drain spacing of 15m and drain depths of 0.65 and 0.9m as alternate depths (Bilevel), and surface drainage system (Control). Water balance components were determined in both rice and canola crop seasons. Measurements of water table depth and subsurface drainage discharge were made daily during drainage periods. In the rice season, the total water supply was 754.6mm, of which 61.7% was lost by evapotranspiration and 16.2–19.1% was lost by deep percolation (DP). In the canola season, the treatments of D0.9L30, Bilevel, D0.65L30 and D0.65L15 were discharged, respectively, 44%, 51.5%, 43% and 60.5% of the total rainfall from the soil profile. Shallow drains were more effective in controlling water table compared with deep drains so that, average of measured water table depths in the representative observation wells of D0.9L30, Bilevel, D0.65L30, and D0.65L15 were 2.1, 15, 24.1, and 32.4cm, respectively. Also, values of SEW30 (sum of excess water) were 3461, 1498, 1038 and 450cm for D0.9L30, Bilevel, D0.65L30 and D0.65L15, respectively. Based on the results, water management through a subsurface drainage system could provide winter cropping condition in the study area.

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  • Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Mirlatifi, Seyed Majid & Shahnazari, Ali & Ejlali, Farid & Mahdian, Mohammad Hossein, 2013. "Effect of subsurface drainage on water balance and water table in poorly drained paddy fields," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 61-68.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:130:y:2013:i:c:p:61-68
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.08.017
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    1. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Karandish, Fatemeh & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2018. "Numerical modeling of soil water dynamics in subsurface drained paddies with midseason drainage or alternate wetting and drying management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 67-78.
    2. Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali & Henk Ritzema, 2018. "Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-17, May.
    3. El-Ghannam, Mohamed K. & Aiad, Mahmoud. A. & Abdallah, Ahmed M., 2021. "Irrigation efficiency, drain outflow and yield responses to drain depth in the Nile delta clay soil, Egypt," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    4. Haghnazari, Farzad & Karandish, Fatemeh & Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Šimůnek, Jiří, 2020. "Dynamic assessment of the impacts of global warming on nitrate losses from a subsurface-drained rainfed-canola field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    5. Qian, Long & Meng, Huayue & Chen, Xiaohong & Tang, Rong, 2023. "Evaluating agricultural drought and flood abrupt alternation: A case study of cotton in the middle-and-lower Yangtze River, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    6. Malakshahi, Amir- Ashkan & Darzi- Naftchali, Abdullah & Mohseni, Behrooz, 2020. "Analyzing water table depth fluctuation response to evapotranspiration involving DRAINMOD model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    7. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Ritzema, Henk & Karandish, Fatemeh & Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, Ali & Ghasemi-Nasr, Mohammad, 2017. "Alternate wetting and drying for different subsurface drainage systems to improve paddy yield and water productivity in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 221-231.
    8. Mariusz Sojka & Michał Kozłowski & Rafał Stasik & Michał Napierała & Barbara Kęsicka & Rafał Wróżyński & Joanna Jaskuła & Daniel Liberacki & Jerzy Bykowski, 2019. "Sustainable Water Management in Agriculture—The Impact of Drainage Water Management on Groundwater Table Dynamics and Subsurface Outflow," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-18, August.
    9. Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah & Motevali, Ali & Keikha, Mahdi, 2022. "The life cycle assessment of subsurface drainage performance under rice-canola cropping system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    10. Mehdi Jafari-Talukolaee & Henk Ritzema & Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali & Ali Shahnazari, 2016. "Subsurface Drainage to Enable the Cultivation of Winter Crops in Consolidated Paddy Fields in Northern Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, March.

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