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Impact of Bank Liquidity and Macroeconomic Determinants on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Raad Mozib Lalon

    (Department of Banking and Insurance, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.)

  • Anika Afroz

    (Department of Banking and Insurance, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.)

  • Tasneema Khan

    (Department of Banking and Insurance, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.)

Abstract

This paper aims at investigating the relationship between profitability and liquidity of the State-Owned Commercial Banks of Bangladesh. An important motive of this study is to provide valuable insights into how liquidity influences profitability. There are various research papers on liquidity exposure and the profitability relationship of banks in Bangladesh. But those researches are separately conducted for conventional or Islamic banks or there is a comparative analysis of both banks. But there is little research on the state-owned banking industry. During the Pandemic the banking industry of Bangladesh was affected severely in respect of liquidity risk and it also affected its profitability. There is no recent paper focused on this study. So, this study will try to identify the significant factors that affect the liquidity of a bank and its profitability. In this regard, 10 years’ data from Annual Report of the State-Owned Commercial Banks and macroeconomic data from Bangladesh Bank website and several journals have been collected from 2012-2021. This study primarily aims at exploring the liquidity-profitability relationship using econometric model. Loan to Deposit ratio is used measuring liquidity of a bank. Other control variables Loan Loss Provision to Total Asset (LLPTA) for credit risk, Equity to Total Asset (EQTA) for capital efficiency, Operational expense to Total Asset (OPEXTA) for operational efficiency, Total Asset (TA) for Bank size, Non-performing Loan (NPL) for asset quality, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for economy size, Inflation (INF) for consumer price index, Interest Rate (INT) for opportunity cost, and the Unemployment rate for measuring labor force. The major finding of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between liquidity risk and profitability. Among bank-specific variables credit risk, capital efficiency, and bank size have a significant relationship with Profitability which also supports the theory. Macroeconomic variables like interest rate, inflation rate, and GDP have a significant relationship with profitability which also supports the theory. Here BDBL and BASIC should have maintained the liquidity standard mentioned by Bangladesh Bank and BIS to mitigate their liquidity crisis. This study also shows that there is no severe effect of the COVID pandemic on the State-Owned Commercial Banks of Bangladesh. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for banks and regulators to make informed decisions regarding risk management, liquidity decision, capital allocation, and strategic planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Raad Mozib Lalon & Anika Afroz & Tasneema Khan, 2023. "Impact of Bank Liquidity and Macroeconomic Determinants on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 177-186, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ1:2023-06-21
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Samad, Abdus, 2008. "Market structure, conduct and performance: Evidence from the Bangladesh banking industry," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 181-193, April.
    2. Ratnovski, Lev, 2013. "Liquidity and transparency in bank risk management," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 422-439.
    3. Chowdhury, A. N. M. Minhajul Haque & Siddiqua, Ayesha & Chowdhury, Abu Sayed Md. Mahmudul Haque, 2016. "Relationship between Liquidity Risk and Net Interest Margin of Conventional Banks in Bangladesh," Asian Business Review, Asian Business Consortium, vol. 6(3), pages 175-178.
    4. Ahmed Arif & Ahmed Nauman Anees, 2012. "Liquidity risk and performance of banking system," Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 20(2), pages 182-195, May.
    5. Biraj Kumar Mohanty & Raveesh Krishnankutty, 2018. "Determinants of Profitability in Indian Banks in the Changing Scenario," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 235-240.
    6. Bourke, Philip, 1989. "Concentration and other determinants of bank profitability in Europe, North America and Australia," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 65-79, March.
    7. Pamuji Gesang Raharjo & Dedi Budiman Hakim & Adler Hayman Manurung & Tubagus N.A. Maulana, 2014. "The Determinant of Commercial Banks' Interest Margin in Indonesia: An Analysis of Fixed Effect Panel Regression," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 4(2), pages 295-308.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Profitability; ROA; LDR; Pooled OLS Method; Liquidity; Panel Data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

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