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Die Internationalisierung deutscher Industrieunternehmen

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  • Heike Belitz

Abstract

Globalization is one of the primary challenges for industrialized nations like Germany, with multinational companies being the most important drivers. We are analyzing the internationalization processes of German manufacturing companies, starting 1995, and comparing them with companies in the US, France and the UK. We show that, to date, German enterprises are less internationalized than their major competitors. Mainly R&D intensive sectors are expanding, building on their position of strength at home. Cyclical economic development also influences the growth of investments, at home and abroad. Multinationals R&D abroad grows faster than the total employment. China, as well as some middle and eastern European countries, are experiencing a growth in manufacturing jobs of German companies. But only China is also quickly gaining significance as a center for R&D. There is no evidence that German manufacturing companies might be investing more in production and R&D abroad than their competitors or that they do so mainly on the expenses of their home country. The expansions abroad are likely to have strengthened Germany’s position as industrial hub. Die Globalisierung ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für Industrieländer wie Deutschland, und multinationale Unternehmen sind ihre wichtigsten Treiber. In diesem Beitrag wird die Internationalisierung der deutschen Industrieunternehmen ab 1995 untersucht und mit der in Unternehmen aus den USA, Frankreich und Großbritannien verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass deutsche Unternehmen bislang weniger internationalisiert sind als ihre wichtigsten Wettbewerber. Die Expansion im Ausland erfolgt vorwiegend in den auch in der Heimat starken forschungsintensiven Branchen und ist marktgetrieben. Konjunkturelle Impulse wirken dabei parallel auf das Wachstum der Investitionen im In- und Ausland. Schneller als die Zahl der Arbeitsplätze deutscher Unternehmen wachsen ihre Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten im Ausland. Vor allem in China und einigen mittel- und osteuropäische Ländern entstehen neue Industriearbeitsplätze deutscher Unternehmen, aber nur China gewinnt auch als Forschungsstandort schnell an Bedeutung. Es finden sich keine Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass deutsche Industrieunternehmen im Ausland stärker als ihre Wettbewerber oder vorwiegend auf Kosten des Heimatstandorts in Produktion und Forschung investieren. Ihre Expansion im Ausland dürfte zur Stärkung des Industriestandorts Deutschland beigetragen haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Heike Belitz, 2015. "Die Internationalisierung deutscher Industrieunternehmen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 84(1), pages 103-120.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:84-1-6
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.84.1.103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sandro Montresor & Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti, 2011. "The deindustrialisation/tertiarisation hypothesis reconsidered: a subsystem application to the OECD7," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 35(2), pages 401-421.
    2. Heike Belitz, 2014. "Deutschland nach wie vor ein attraktiver Forschungsstandort für multinationale Unternehmen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(12), pages 251-260.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Manufacturing; internationalization; multinational companies; FATS statistics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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