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How does unrest affect migration? Evidence from the three southernmost provinces of Thailand

Author

Listed:
  • Aree Jampaklay

    (Mahidol University)

  • Aphichat Chamratrithirong

    (Mahidol University)

  • Kathleen Ford

    (University of Michigan)

Abstract

Background: In the southernmost provinces of Thailand, despite the long-term unrest concurrent with migration, very limited research tackles the relationship between these two phenomena. Objective: This analysis examines whether migration in the three southernmost provinces is associated with the ongoing unrest. Methods: We use a sample of 1,009 households from a household probability survey conducted in the three southernmost provinces in 2014. The analysis uses two measures of migration: all migration and destination-specific migration. The unrest is measured as 1) whether a violent incident occurred in the village in the most recent year and 2) the perceived effect of the unrest on the overall life of the household. Results: Households in villages where a violent incidence occurred in the past year and households that reported that the unrest affected overall life a lot are more likely to have a migrant. These effects are direct, net of other household and social network characteristics. The unrest is related to increased migration both within Thailand and to Malaysia. This result is stronger for migration to Malaysia compared to migration within Thailand. The destination of migrants is related to education. Conclusions: Unrest reaches certain levels and can outweigh the costs of migration, leading to an acceleration of migration. Findings address education as a potential counfounding variable of migration. Contribution: This is the first analysis in Thailand that addresses the relationship between the unrest and migration. We add to very few studies that examine differences in migrant destination and that use both objective and subjective measures of the unrest.

Suggested Citation

  • Aree Jampaklay & Aphichat Chamratrithirong & Kathleen Ford, 2017. "How does unrest affect migration? Evidence from the three southernmost provinces of Thailand," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 37(3), pages 25-52.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:37:y:2017:i:3
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kim Korinek & Yothin Sawangdee & Tawanchai Jirapramukpitak & Aree Jampaklay, 2025. "Migration Amidst Conflict and Cumulative Causation: An Analysis of International & Domestic Migration in Thailand’s Southernmost Provinces," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 44(1), pages 1-29, February.
    2. Kathleen Ford & Aree Jampaklay & Aphichat Chamratrithirong, 2022. "A Multilevel Longitudinal Study of Individual, Household and Village Factors Associated with Happiness Among Adults in the Southernmost Provinces of Thailand," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(3), pages 1459-1476, June.
    3. Kathleen Ford & Aree Jampaklay & Aphichat Chamratrithirong, 2019. "Long-term civil conflict, migration, and the mental health of adults left behind in Thailand: a longitudinal study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(8), pages 1193-1201, November.
    4. Aree Jampaklay & Kathleen Ford & Aphichat Chamratrithirong, 2020. "Migration and Unrest in the Deep South Thailand: A Multilevel Analysis of a Longitudinal Study," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(2), pages 727-745, April.
    5. Kathleen Ford & Aree Jampaklay & Aphichat Chamratrithirong, 2018. "Coming of age in a conflict area: Mental health, education, employment, migration and family formation in the southernmost provinces of Thailand," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(3), pages 225-234, May.

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    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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