An Evaluation of Institutional, Technological, and Policy Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) System in Zambia

This study assessed the institutional, technological, and policy factors influencing the effective implementation of the electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) system in Zambia’s public spending agencies. The main objective was to examine how internal capacity, technological readiness, and policy operationalization affect the adoption and performance of the e-GP system, with the aim of identifying constraints and proposing improvement measures. The study adopted an embedded mixed-methods research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected from procurement practitioners through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from document reviews and open-ended responses. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to examine relationships among variables, while thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative findings. Results indicate that institutional capacity—particularly staffing levels, technical skills, and continuous training—is the most influential factor in effective e-GP implementation. Technological challenges such as unstable internet connectivity, power interruptions, limited ICT infrastructure, and system downtimes negatively affect system reliability and user confidence. Policy-related constraints, including weak enforcement of mandatory e-GP usage, inadequate system integration, and insufficient ICT funding, further limit adoption. Despite these challenges, user willingness to adopt the system remains high. The study concludes that successful e-GP implementation requires a coordinated approach that strengthens institutional capacity, enhances technological infrastructure, and reinforces policy enforcement. It recommends sustained capacity building, increased ICT investment, improved system integration, and stronger regulatory frameworks to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability in public procurement.