Factors influencing e-procurement adoption among smes: the moderating role of supplier relationship dynamics

This study investigates the factors influencing e-procurement adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Harare’s manufacturing sector, focusing on the moderating role of supplier relationship dynamics. Drawing on the Relational View of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage, the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (TAUT), this study employs an integrated theoretical lens to examine adoption behavior. A quantitative survey of 353 SMEs was conducted, and the data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). The model fit indices (χ²/df = 2.087, GFI = 0.887, CFI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.052) indicate an acceptable model fit. The findings revealed that facilitating conditions, training and support, perceived security risks, and perceived high costs of implementation significantly affect e-procurement adoption. Supplier relationship dynamics, characterized by trust, communication, and power balance, moderate these relationships. Specifically, e-procurement adoption is strengthened when supplier relationship dynamics is strong and attenuated when the dynamics are weak. This research advances the theoretical understanding by demonstrating that e-procurement adoption is contingent not only on technological and organizational readiness but also on the quality of interorganizational relationships within the supply chain. Practically, this study offers guidance for policymakers and SME managers on enhancing digital procurement readiness through infrastructure support, targeted training, and relationship-based strategies.