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La Banca Central en Colombia: de la autonomía privada a la autonomía pública, 1923-1997

Author

Listed:
  • Adolfo Meisel

Abstract

“En la década de 1920 un gran número de naciones crearon bancos centrales autónomos del gobierno. Se quería así reducir la injerencia de los gobiernos en el manejo de la moneda y, por lo tanto, conservar el poder de compra de la misma. El consenso era que, sin autonomía los bancos centrales, terminaban financiando el déficit fiscal y generando inflación. En parte por la razón anterior, pero tal vez más por el interés en atraer inversión norteamericana, cinco países andinos fundaron con la asesoría del economista Edwin W. Kemmerer, bancos centrales autónomos: Colombia (1923), Chile (1925), Ecuador (1926-1927), Bolivia (1927) y Perú (1931). En el caso de Colombia, por ejemplo, desde la década de 1950 se le dio gran importancia al crédito de fomento, por medio del cual se financiaban con emisión sectores que el gobierno consideraba estratégicos, como el industrial. Con la pérdida de la autonomía del banco central colombiano en 1963, cuando se creó la Junta Monetaria, se abrió la puerta institucional para la mayor inflación que ha vivido el país en toda su historia, si se ti ene en cuenta el número de anos que ha perdurado. En todos los países andinos en la cual Kemmerer creó bancos centrales entre 1923 y 1931, con los anos se perdió la autonomía con respecto al gobierno. En este trabajo estudiamos algunos de los antecedentes de la creación de un banco central autónomo en Colombia en 1923, bajo la orientación de un grupo de expertos financieros norteamericanos que dirigió Edwin W. Kemmerer. Luego, analizamos las etapas de la banca central colombiana hasta nuestros días y las interrelaciones de los distintos arreglos institucionales con los niveles de inflación.”

Suggested Citation

  • Adolfo Meisel, 1998. "La Banca Central en Colombia: de la autonomía privada a la autonomía pública, 1923-1997," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013513
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/2142
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rockoff, Hugh, 1974. "The Free Banking Era: A Reexamination," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 6(2), pages 141-167, May.
    2. Rolnick, Arthur J & Weber, Warren E, 1983. "New Evidence on the Free Banking Era," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(5), pages 1080-1091, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucas Wilfried Hahn-De-Castro & Adolfo Meisel-Roca, 2018. "La desigualdad económica entre las regiones de Colombia, 1926-2016," Cuadernos de Historia Económica 47, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Bancos Centrales; Misión Kemmerer; Banco de la República; Independencia de los Bancos Centrales; Inflación; Kemmerer Edwin W.; Bancos; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • P44 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation

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