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El gasto fiscal de la guerra contra los portadores de drogas ilícitas: una aproximación para Colombia

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  • Gutiérrez, Isabel
  • Tobón, Santiago

Abstract

Resumen: Alrededor del mundo, los gobiernos dedican un gran volumen de recursos públicos al control del porte, fabricación y tráfico de drogas ilícitas. En general, estos costos son difíciles de observar, pues corresponden al costo de oportunidad de muchos funcionarios que intervienen en el proceso. En este artículo se estima, para el caso de Colombia, el costo esperado por captura para los delitos de porte, fabricación y tráfico de drogas ilícitas. Los resultados muestran que el costo esperado de una captura es de $11 millones, por lo que el costo esperado asociado a las 984.106 capturas realizadas entre 2001 y 2015 es cercano a los $10,6 billones. Además, se analizó si la persecución al tráfico internacional de drogas ilícitas, al crimen asociado al microtráfico en mercados locales o la disuasión a los consumidores justifican este esfuerzo fiscal. Se concluyó que ninguna de estas razones lo hace, y que más bien se relaciona con incompatibilidad de incentivos en las autoridades colombianas. Abstract: Around the world, governments spend enormous amounts of public funds in controlling possession, manufacturing and trafficking of illicit drugs. These costs are usually difficult to observe, as they correspond to the opportunity cost of many bureaucrats involved in the process. In this paper, we estimate the expected cost per arrest for possession, manufacturing or trafficking of illicit drugs for the case of Colombia. We find that the expected cost of an arrest is roughly COP$11 million, hence the expected total cost associated with the 984,106 arrests carried out between 2001 and 2015 adds up to COP$10.6 billion. Also, we analyse whether these expenditures are justified by the control of international drug trafficking, crime associated with drug dealing in local markets or drug abuse deterrence. We conclude that none of these reasons justify such fiscal expenditures; rather, these seem to be explained by an issue of incentive compatibility in Colombian authorities.

Suggested Citation

  • Gutiérrez, Isabel & Tobón, Santiago, 2019. "El gasto fiscal de la guerra contra los portadores de drogas ilícitas: una aproximación para Colombia," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 91, pages 79-116, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:017448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    sistema de justicia criminal; costos sociales; drogas ilícitas; gasto público; incentivos en la policía;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • P35 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Public Finance

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