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International migration and trade agreements: The new role of PTAs

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  • Gianluca Orefice

Abstract

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and bilateral migration flows. Building on the empirical literature on the determinants of migration flows, I estimate a modified gravity model to assess the role of PTAs and their content on bilateral migration flows. Using a sample of 29 OECD destination countries over the period 19982008, I show a strong positive effect of PTAs on bilateral migration flows. I find that the content of PTAs also matters: when visa-and-asylum and labour market related provisions are included in PTAs, this further stimulates bilateral migration flows. Different estimation strategies, including instrumental variables, are employed to address the potential endogeneity bias problems related to PTAs and their content.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluca Orefice, 2015. "International migration and trade agreements: The new role of PTAs," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 48(1), pages 310-334, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:cje:issued:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:310-334
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12122
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    Cited by:

    1. Erik Figueiredo & Luiz Renato Lima & Gianluca Orefice, 2016. "Migration and Regional Trade Agreements: A (New) Gravity Estimation," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 99-125, February.
    2. Romano Piras, 2020. "Internal Migration in Italy: The Role of Migration Networks," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 6(1), pages 157-195, March.
    3. Beverelli, Cosimo & Orefice, Gianluca, 2019. "Migration deflection: The role of Preferential Trade Agreements," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Jayjit Roy, 2014. "On the robustness of the trade-inducing effects of trade agreements and currency unions," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 253-304, August.
    5. Cosimo Beverelli, 2022. "Pull factors for migration: The impact of migrant integration policies," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 171-191, March.
    6. Sandra Lavenex & Philipp Lutz & Paula Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, 2024. "Migration governance through trade agreements: insights from the MITA dataset," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 147-173, January.
    7. Masayuki MORIKAWA, 2018. "Effects of Distance and Borders on International and Interregional Tourist Flows: A micro-gravity analysis," Discussion papers 18021, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    8. Badi H. Baltagi & Peter Egger & Michael Pfaffermayr, 2014. "Panel Data Gravity Models of International Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series 4616, CESifo.
    9. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/17g7senmu38qqa09nqh9tk9hbn is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Edwin Le Heron & Nicolas Yol, 2019. "The macroeconomic effects of migrants' remittances in Moldova: a stock–flow consistent model," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 16(1), pages 31-54, April.
    11. Federico Carril-Caccia & Jordi Paniagua & Marta Suarez-Varela, 2025. "Forced migration and food crises," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 38(4), pages 1-32, December.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration

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