IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/rmeecf/v14y2018i1p7n1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Import Determinants and Potential Markets: A Panel Data Gravity Modelling Analysis for Bahrain

Author

Listed:
  • Abbas Shujaat

    (Department of Economics, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan)

  • Waheed Abdul

    (University of Bahrain, College of Business Administration, Department of Economics and Finance, Sakhir, Bahrain)

Abstract

This study investigates macroeconomic determinants of import flow and explores potential import markets for Bahrain using an augmented gravity model on panel data of 42 trading partners, from 2000 to 2016. The result of panel generalized least square estimation technique shows that the core variables support the theory of the basic gravity model. The estimated results of the augmented variables show that the imports of Bahrain are more responsive to income of trading partners, gross domestic product, and export flow; whereas, negatively determined by the relative price. The findings of dummy variables show that there is a significant role of common language and Gulf economic integration on imports of Bahrain. The results of the import potential analysis show that Bahrain has exceeded its import potential from most of its Asian trading partners; however, positive import potential exists in Africa and America and some selected Middle Eastern and European markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Abbas Shujaat & Waheed Abdul, 2018. "Import Determinants and Potential Markets: A Panel Data Gravity Modelling Analysis for Bahrain," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:7:n:1
    DOI: 10.1515/rmeef-2017-0017
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2017-0017
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/rmeef-2017-0017?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boughanmi, Houcine, 2008. "The Trade Potential of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC): A Gravity Model Approach," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 23, pages 42-56.
    2. Shujaat Abbas & Abdul Waheed, 2015. "Pakistan’s potential export flow: The gravity model approach," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 49(4), pages 367-377, October-D.
    3. E. Mine Cinar & Joseph Johnson & Katherine Geusz, 2016. "Estimating Chinese Trade Relationships with the Silk Road Countries," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 24(1), pages 85-103, January.
    4. A Salim, Ruhu & Mahfuz Kabir, Mohammad, 2011. "Does More Trade Potential Remain in Arab States of the Gulf ?," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 26, pages 217-243.
    5. Bergstrand, Jeffrey H, 1989. "The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 71(1), pages 143-153, February.
    6. World Bank, 2017. "World Development Indicators 2017," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 26447, December.
    7. Shujaat Abbas, 2016. "Remittances Flow to Pakistan: A Gravity Approach," Journal Transition Studies Review, Transition Academia Press, vol. 23(1), pages 97-106.
    8. Anderson, James E, 1979. "A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(1), pages 106-116, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shujaat Abbas, 2018. "Free Trade Agreements and International Trade Flow of Pakistan: the Gravity Modelling Approach," Journal Global Policy and Governance, Transition Academia Press, vol. 7(2), pages 71-84.
    2. Sri Indah Nikensari & NFD Puspitasari & Amin Pujiati, 2020. "Demand and Strategy of Imports in Declining Foreign Exchange Reserves," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(3), pages 96-110.
    3. Wani Suadat Hussain & Mir M. Afzal, 2023. "Import Determinants and Potential Markets of Pakistan: An Application of PPML Gravity Model," Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series, Sciendo, vol. 33(1), pages 57-73, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shujaat Abbas, 2018. "Free Trade Agreements and International Trade Flow of Pakistan: the Gravity Modelling Approach," Journal Global Policy and Governance, Transition Academia Press, vol. 7(2), pages 71-84.
    2. Salahuddin & Javed Iqbal & Misbah Nosheen, 2020. "Economic & Cultural Distance & Regional Integration: Evidence from Gravity Model Using Disaggregated Data for Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 59(2), pages 243-274.
    3. Gustavo Rodríguez & Jorge Dávalos, 2017. "El Potencial de Comercio del Acuerdo Trans-Pacífico para el Perú, un enfoque Gravitacional (The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) Trade Potential for Peru, a Gravity Model Approach)," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), vol. 5(2), pages 93-107, December.
    4. Leonardo Raffo López & Edwin A. Hernández García & Víctor A. Díaz España, 2018. "La Alianza del Pacífico y los efectos potenciales del Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica sin Estados Unidos," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 10(1), pages 65-87, February.
    5. Shahriar Kabir & Ruhul Salim, 2016. "Can A Common Currency Induce Intra-Regional Trade? The Southeast Asian Perspective," Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 218-234, November.
    6. Amjad Naveed & Ghulam Shabbir & Shabib Haider Syed & Muhammad Ashfaq & Muhammad Ali Khan, 2022. "Can a path to peace promote export growth? Evidence from Pakistan and its trading partners," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 3309-3324, October.
    7. Leonardo Raffo López* & Edwin A. Hernández García** & Víctor A. Díaz España***, 2018. "The Pacific Alliance and the potential effects of a Trans-Pacific Economic Cooperation Agreement without the United States," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 10(1), pages 89-110, April.
    8. Shujaat Abbas & Abdul Waheed, 2019. "Pakistan’s Global Trade Potential: A Gravity Model Approach," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 20(6), pages 1361-1371, December.
    9. Ilhom Temurov & Yilmaz Kilicaslan, 2016. "Conflict or Distance: What Determines the International Trade?," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 2(2), pages 15-31, December.
    10. Thomas L. Vollrath & Mark J. Gehlhar & Charles B. Hallahan, 2009. "Bilateral Import Protection, Free Trade Agreements, and Other Factors Influencing Trade Flows in Agriculture and Clothing," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(2), pages 298-317, June.
    11. Peter Egger & Douglas Nelson, 2011. "How Bad Is Antidumping? Evidence from Panel Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 93(4), pages 1374-1390, November.
    12. Ghatak, Subrata & Piperakis, Andromachi S., 2007. "The impact of Eastern European immigration to UK trade," Economics Discussion Papers 2007-3, School of Economics, Kingston University London.
    13. James E. Anderson, 2011. "The Gravity Model," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 3(1), pages 133-160, September.
    14. David Law & Murat Genç & John Bryant, 2013. "Trade, Diaspora and Migration to New Zealand," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 582-606, May.
    15. Markus Brueckner & Ngo Van Long & Joaquin L. Vespignani, 2020. "Non-Gravity Trade," Globalization Institute Working Papers 388, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    16. Mehdi Raissi & Bahare Teimoori, 2006. "The Impact of Integration on International Trade Flows: the Cases of EU, OIC & ECO," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 11(2), pages 111-127, spring.
    17. Mutti, John & Grubert, Harry, 2004. "Empirical asymmetries in foreign direct investment and taxation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 337-358, March.
    18. Thi Hanh Vu, 2013. "International Export Flows of Vietnam :A Gravity Model Approach," Brussels Economic Review, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 56(1), pages 83-108.
    19. Guglielmo Caporale & Christophe Rault & Robert Sova & Anamaria Sova, 2009. "On the bilateral trade effects of free trade agreements between the EU-15 and the CEEC-4 countries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 145(3), pages 573-573, October.
    20. Michele FRATIANNI & Chang HOON HO, 2007. "On the Relationship Between RTA Expansion and Openness," Working Papers 288, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    import flow; economic integration; gravity model; panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:14:y:2018:i:1:p:7:n:1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.