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Social capital and regional development in Turkey

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  • Hüseyin Mert Arslan
  • Hasan Engin Duran

Abstract

This paper aims to improve the shortcomings of the empirical literature on regional social capital. The following three research questions are addressed: (i) do regional social capital and economic growth have an endoneous (circular) relationship as opposed to the exogenous one‐way relationship assumed in the literature; (ii) What are the socio‐economic and demographic determinants of cross‐regional variation in social capital? And (iii) Are spatial spillovers relevant in the analysis of these questions? Empirically, we pursue the analysis for 81 Turkish provinces in 2015. Indeed, regional social capital in Turkey is far less studied than country‐level social capital. The methodology adopted includes kernel density estimates, ordinary least squares, three stage least squares, and spatial error models. In terms of the obtained results, First, regional social capital is heterogenously distributed across regions. Second, social capital has no significant impact on economic growth but the growth induces the generation of social capital (in social norms). This represents a first result of reserve causality in the literature. Third, a typical province that has high social capital is the one with relatively high income, more even income distribution, low unemployment, big households and older age profile. Fourth, there is the evidence of spatial dependence that should be incorporated in empirical analyses. Este artículo tiene por objeto mejorar las deficiencias de la literatura empírica sobre el capital social regional. En él se abordan las siguientes tres preguntas de investigación: i) ¿Tienen el capital social regional y el crecimiento económico una relación endógena (circular), en contraposición a la relación exógena de una vía que asume la literatura?; ii) ¿Cuáles son los determinantes socioeconómicos y demográficos de la variación entre regiones en cuanto al capital social?; y iii) ¿Son los spillovers espaciales pertinentes en el análisis de estas cuestiones? Empíricamente, se estudió el análisis de 81 provincias turcas en 2015. En efecto, el capital social regional en Turquía está mucho menos estudiado que el capital social a nivel de país. La metodología empleada incluye estimadores de la densidad del núcleo, mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, mínimos cuadrados de tres etapas y modelos de error espacial. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, en primer lugar, el capital social regional se distribuye de manera heterogénea entre las regiones. En segundo lugar, el capital social no tiene un impacto significativo en el crecimiento económico, pero el crecimiento induce la generación de capital social (en las normas sociales). Esto representa un primer resultado de retrocausalidad en la literatura. En tercer lugar, una provincia típica con un alto capital social es la que tiene ingresos relativamente altos, una distribución de ingresos más uniforme, un bajo desempleo, hogares grandes y un perfil de edad avanzada. En cuarto lugar, hay pruebas de dependencia espacial que deberían incorporarse en los análisis empíricos. 本稿は、ギリシャの事例から得られた実証的エビデンスを用いて、国家補助金の地方政府への配分の背後にある政治的要因を探索することを目的とする。結果から、政治的配慮が国家補助金の地方政府への配分に統計的に有意な影響を及ぼすことが示される。現政府と政治的に連携している首長は、連携していない首長より高い割合の助成金を受けている。さらに、地方財政移転の変動を説明する上で、政治的景気循環は重要な決定要因となる。地方政府への補助金は、国政選挙または地方選挙前の数年間は増加し、その後の数年間は減少している。また、我々が得たエビデンスから、市長の再選経験と財政配分の誘導をネットワークすることの重要性が明らかになり、すなわち、選挙での連続的な勝利が地方政府への財政誘導の重要な決定要因として確立される。まとめると、規範理論的な予想に反して、我々が得たエビデンスから、ギリシャの補助金の地方自治体への配分のレベルは、社会経済的ニーズよりも政治的な配慮によって説明できることが示される。

Suggested Citation

  • Hüseyin Mert Arslan & Hasan Engin Duran, 2021. "Social capital and regional development in Turkey," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 878-920, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:878-920
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12318
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    References listed on IDEAS

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