IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rgscpp/v13y2021i2p279-301.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does population decline lead to a “populist voting mark‐up”? A case study of the Netherlands

Author

Listed:
  • Eveline S. van Leeuwen
  • Solmaria Halleck Vega
  • Vera Hogenboom

Abstract

The main thesis of this paper is that people in areas of (expected) population decline vote more populist to express their discontent about the current and future state of their place of residence. In many ways a “populist voting mark‐up” could be expected, as declining areas often are associated with being forgotten, fomenting societal discontent and mistrust in established political parties ultimately expected to lead to more populist votes. Using the outcomes of the Dutch national elections in 2012 and 2017, we link shares of populist votes for the PVV (Party for Freedom) and SP (Socialist Party) to indicators of population decline, as well as other demographic (“compositional effects”), local and regional characteristics (“contextual effects”) to appraise what causes higher rates of votes for populist parties in regions of decline. We do not find a “populist voting mark‐up” for declining regions when controlling for contextual effects. However, we do find that both the compositional and the contextual circumstances in areas of population decline are in such a way that they provoke discontent expressed in voting. We also conclude that it is very important to distinguish between different parties when their party programs are as contrasting as in the case of the PVV and the SP. Their different focus on immigration (PVV) and jobs (SP) is clearly visible in the results. El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un estudio empírico sobre los efectos de la segregación de trabajadores altamente cualificados (trabajadores con un título universitario) en la productividad laboral de las ciudades. Mediante el uso de datos de áreas metropolitanas de EE.UU. se pudo encontrar evidencia de un impacto positivo. Se estudiaron los posibles mecanismos y se encontró que los conglomerados de trabajadores altamente cualificados producen spillovers positivos en la productividad de los trabajadores altamente cualificados, que compensan con creces la pérdida de productividad de los trabajadores con escasas cualificaciones, debido a su exclusión. Esto último es especialmente válido en las ciudades especializadas en industrias en las que la complementariedad entre estos dos tipos de trabajadores en la función de producción de la ciudad es baja, como la tecnología o la ciencia. Se utilizaron datos de panel y un enfoque de variables instrumentales como estrategias de identificación. Los resultados son robustos en cuanto a las diferentes especificaciones. 人口減少 (が予想される)地域の人々は、居住地の現在および将来の状態について不満を表明するために、ポピュリストに投票する傾向にあるということが本稿の主旨である。衰退地域は看過されることに繋がることが多いために、社会的不満や既成政党に対する不信を煽ることは最終的にはポピュリスト票につながることが予想されるため、多くの点で「ポピュリスト票のマークアップ」が予想される。2012年と2017年のオランダ総選挙の結果を用いて、自由党 (Party for Freedom:PVV)と社会党 (Socialist Party:SP)のポピュリスト票の割合を、人口減少の指標だけでなく、他の人口統計学的特徴(「組成効果」)、地方と地域の特徴(「コンテキスト効果」)に結びつけ、衰退地域のポピュリスト票のより高い割合の原因を評価する。コンテキスト効果を調整した場合には、衰退地域の「ポピュリスト票のマークアップ」は見られない。しかし、人口減少地域における構造的状況およびコンテキスト的状況は、いずれも投票によって表明される不満を引き起こすものであることは確かである。また、政党プログラムがPVVとSPの場合のように対照的である場合、政党を区別することが非常に重要であると結論する。政党が重点を置く政策の違い (移民 (PVV)と雇用政策 (SP))は、結果に明確に現れている。

Suggested Citation

  • Eveline S. van Leeuwen & Solmaria Halleck Vega & Vera Hogenboom, 2021. "Does population decline lead to a “populist voting mark‐up”? A case study of the Netherlands," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 279-301, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:279-301
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12361
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12361
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/rsp3.12361?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Margaret Canovan, 1999. "Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 47(1), pages 2-16, March.
    2. Marcin Dąbrowski & Dominic Stead & Bardia Mashhoodi, 2019. "EU Cohesion Policy can't buy me love? Exploring the regional determinants of EU image," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), pages 695-711, October.
    3. Sascha Becker & Thiemo Fetzer & Dennis Novy & Sascha O. Becker, 2017. "Who Voted for Brexit?," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 15(04), pages 03-05, December.
    4. Sascha O Becker & Thiemo Fetzer & Dennis Novy, 2017. "Who voted for Brexit? A comprehensive district-level analysis," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 32(92), pages 601-650.
    5. Ian R Gordon, 2018. "In what sense left behind by globalisation? Looking for a less reductionist geography of the populist surge in Europe," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 11(1), pages 95-113.
    6. Philip McCann, 2018. "The trade, geography and regional implications of Brexit," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(1), pages 3-8, March.
    7. Harry Garretsen & Janka I Stoker & Dimitrios Soudis & Ron L Martin & Peter Jason Rentfrow, 2018. "Brexit and the relevance of regional personality traits: more psychological Openness could have swung the regional vote," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 11(1), pages 165-175.
    8. Lewis Dijkstra & Hugo Poelman & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, 2020. "The geography of EU discontent," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(6), pages 737-753, June.
    9. Philip McCann, 2020. "Perceptions of regional inequality and the geography of discontent: insights from the UK," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(2), pages 256-267, February.
    10. Hendrik P. van Dalen & Kène Henkens, 2011. "Who fears and who welcomes population decline?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 25(13), pages 437-464.
    11. Ellis Delken, 2008. "Happiness in shrinking cities in Germany," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 213-218, June.
    12. Tialda Haartsen & Viktor Venhorst, 2010. "Planning For Decline: Anticipating On Population Decline In The Netherlands," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 101(2), pages 218-227, April.
    13. Patrick Flavin & Michael Keane, 2012. "Life Satisfaction and Political Participation: Evidence from the United States," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 63-78, March.
    14. Bart Los & Philip McCann & John Springford & Mark Thissen, 2017. "The mismatch between local voting and the local economic consequences of Brexit," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(5), pages 786-799, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Annie Tubadji & Thomas Colwill & Don Webber, 2021. "Voting with your feet or voting for Brexit: The tale of those stuck behind," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 247-277, April.
    2. Lewis Dijkstra & Hugo Poelman & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, 2020. "The geography of EU discontent," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(6), pages 737-753, June.
    3. Andres Rodriguez-Pose & Javier Terrero-Davila & Neil Lee, 2023. "Left-behind vs. unequal places: interpersonal inequality, economic decline, and the rise of populism in the US and Europe," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2306, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Mar 2023.
    4. Hans Westlund & Kamila Borsekova, 2023. "Rural problems, policies and possibilities in a post‐urban world," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(4), pages 717-728, May.
    5. Maria Greve & Michael Fritsch & Michael Wyrwich, 2023. "Long‐term decline of regions and the rise of populism: The case of Germany," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(2), pages 409-445, March.
    6. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Javier Terrero-Dávila & Neil Lee, 2023. "Left-behind versus unequal places: interpersonal inequality, economic decline and the rise of populism in the USA and Europe," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 23(5), pages 951-977.
    7. Dante Di Matteo & Ilaria Mariotti, 2021. "Italian discontent and right‐wing populism: determinants, geographies, patterns," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 371-396, April.
    8. Pinar Deniz & Burhan Can Karahasan & Mehmet Pinar, 2021. "Determinants of regional distribution of AKP votes: Analysis of post‐2002 parliamentary elections," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 323-352, April.
    9. Eveline S. van Leeuwen & Solmaria Halleck Vega, 2021. "Voting and the rise of populism: Spatial perspectives and applications across Europe," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 209-219, April.
    10. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Neil Lee & Cornelius Lipp, 2021. "Golfing with Trump. Social capital, decline, inequality, and the rise of populism in the US," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 14(3), pages 457-481.
    11. Enrique López-Bazo, 2021. "Does regional growth affect public attitudes towards the European Union?," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 66(3), pages 755-778, June.
    12. Maria Abreu & Özge Öner, 2020. "Disentangling the Brexit vote: The role of economic, social and cultural contexts in explaining the UK’s EU referendum vote," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(7), pages 1434-1456, October.
    13. Blackaby, David H. & Drinkwater, Stephen & Robinson, Catherine, 2020. "Regional Variations in the Brexit Vote: Causes and Potential Consequences," IZA Discussion Papers 13579, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Michael Kenny & Davide Luca, 2020. "Populism Amidst Prosperity:The urban-rural polarisation of political disenchantment: An investigation of social and political attitudes in 30 European countries," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 161, European Institute, LSE.
    15. Sebastien Bourdin & André Torre, 2023. "Geography of contestation: A study on the Yellow Vest movement and the rise of populism in France," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 214-235, January.
    16. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Lewis Dijkstra, 2021. "Does Cohesion Policy reduce EU discontent and Euroscepticism?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(2), pages 354-369, February.
    17. Diana Gutiérrez‐Posada & María Plotnikova & Fernando Rubiera‐Morollón, 2021. "“The grass is greener on the other side”: The relationship between the Brexit referendum results and spatial inequalities at the local level," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(6), pages 1481-1500, December.
    18. Luise Koeppen & Dimitris Ballas & Arjen Edzes & Sierdjan Koster, 2021. "Places that don't matter or people that don't matter? A multilevel modelling approach to the analysis of the geographies of discontent," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 221-245, April.
    19. Alessandra Faggian & Marco Modica & Félix Modrego & Giulia Urso, 2021. "One country, two populist parties: Voting patterns of the 2018 Italian elections and their determinants," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 397-413, April.
    20. Manuel Funke & Moritz Schularick & Christoph Trebesch, 2023. "Populist Leaders and the Economy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(12), pages 3249-3288, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:279-301. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1757-7802 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.