IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/revpol/v37y2020i4p444-463.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States

Author

Listed:
  • Saatvika Rai

Abstract

The United States is experiencing growing impacts of climate change but currently receives a limited policy response from its national leadership. Within this policy void, many state governments are stepping up and taking action on adaptation planning. Yet we know little about why some states adopt State Adaptation Plans (SAPs), while others do not. This article investigates factors that predict the emergence of SAPs, both in terms of policy adoption and policy intensity (goal ambitiousness). Applying the diffusion of innovation theory, I consider the relative influence of internal state characteristics, regional pressures, and test for conditional effects between government ideologies and severity of the problem. The results show interesting differences between predictors that influence policy adoption and ambitiousness. States are more motivated to adopt a policy when faced with greater climate vulnerability, have more liberal citizenry, and where governments have crossed policy hurdles by previously passing mitigation plans. The intensity of policies and goal setting, moreover, is more likely to be driven by interest group politics and diffuse through policy learning or sharing information among neighboring states in Environmental Protection Agency regions. These findings support an emerging scholarship that uses more complex dependent variables in policy analysis. These variables have the potential to differentiate symbolic from substantive policies and capture finer information about predictors of importance. 美国正在收到日益严重的全球气候变化影响,但目前美国联邦政府的政策回应及其有限。在这一联邦政策空缺期间,许多州政府却加大力度采取了针对全球气候变化的适应计划。但是,我们对为什么有些州政府采用州适应计划(SAP)而另一些州却不采用知之甚少。本文从政策采用和政策强度(目标野心)两个方面调查了预测SAP被采用的因素。应用创新扩散理论,本文考量各州内部特征和因素以及区域压力的影响,并检验了政府意识形态和他们所面临的环境问题严重性的影响。结果表明,预测因素对本文从政策采用和政策强度(目标野心)表现出有趣的差异。面临更严重的气候脆弱性,拥有更多自由主义的公民以及已经先前通过缓解计划而克服了政策障碍的州更趋向与采取适应计划(SAP)。目标设定的强度则更有可能受到利益集团政治和通过政策扩散的政策学习或者在美国环保部设定的区域之间信息共享信息的影响。这些发现支持了在政策分析中使用更复杂因变量的新的学术研究。这些变量有可能将象征性政策与实质性政策区分开,并捕获有关重要性预测指标的更精细信息。 Los efectos del cambio climático en los Estados Unidos están aumentando, pero la respuesta en términos de políticas públicas por parte del liderato nacional es muy limitada. En este contexto, muchos gobiernos estatales han ido llenando el vacío y tomando acción creando planes de adaptación. No obstante, sabemos poco acerca de las razones que conllevan a algunos estados a adoptar Planes Estatales de Adaptación (SAPs, por sus siglas en inglés), mientras otros estados no lo hacen. Este artículo investiga los factores que predicen la creación de SAPs tanto en términos de adopción de políticas, así como en la intensidad de dichas políticas (ambición de objetivos). Aplicando la teoría de difusión de innovación, considero la influencia relativa de las características internas del estado, presiones regionales, y pruebo los efectos condicionales entre las ideologías de gobiernos y la severidad del problema. Los resultados apuntan a diferencias interesantes entre los predictores que influencian la adopción de políticas y la ambición. Los estados más motivados a adoptar políticas climáticas son aquellos que enfrentan una mayor vulnerabilidad climática, tienen una ciudadanía más liberal, y donde los gobiernos previamente han cruzado obstáculos políticos al haber ya aprobado planes de mitigación. Además, es más probable que la intensidad de estas políticas y el establecimiento de objetivos sean impulsados por las políticas de grupos de interés y que se difundan a través del aprendizaje de políticas o el intercambio de información entre estados vecinos en las regiones de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental. Estos hallazgos respaldan una literatura académica emergente que utiliza variables dependientes más complejas en el análisis de políticas públicas. Estas variables tienen el potencial de diferenciar entre políticas simbólicas y políticas sustantivas, así como la posibilidad de capturar información más precisa sobre predictores de importancia.

Suggested Citation

  • Saatvika Rai, 2020. "Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(4), pages 444-463, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:444-463
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12383
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12383
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ropr.12383?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adam J. Newmark & Christopher Witko, 2007. "Pollution, Politics, and Preferences for Environmental Spending in the States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 24(4), pages 291-308, July.
    2. Carley, Sanya & Nicholson-Crotty, Sean & Miller, Chris J., 2017. "Adoption, reinvention and amendment of renewable portfolio standards in the American states," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37(4), pages 431-458, December.
    3. Benjamin Preston & Richard Westaway & Emma Yuen, 2011. "Climate adaptation planning in practice: an evaluation of adaptation plans from three developed nations," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 407-438, April.
    4. Robert Brulle & Jason Carmichael & J. Jenkins, 2012. "Shifting public opinion on climate change: an empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the U.S., 2002–2010," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 114(2), pages 169-188, September.
    5. Sammy Zahran & Samuel D Brody & Arnold Vedlitz & Himanshu Grover & Caitlyn Miller, 2008. "Vulnerability and Capacity: Explaining Local Commitment to Climate-Change Policy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 26(3), pages 544-562, June.
    6. Rebecca Bromley-Trujillo & J. S. Butler & John Poe & Whitney Davis, 2016. "The Spreading of Innovation: State Adoptions of Energy and Climate Change Policy," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 33(5), pages 544-565, September.
    7. James W. Stoutenborough & Matthew Beverlin, 2008. "Encouraging Pollution‐Free Energy: The Diffusion of State Net Metering Policies," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 89(5), pages 1230-1251, December.
    8. Gray, Virginia, 1973. "Innovation in the States: A Diffusion Study," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 67(4), pages 1174-1185, December.
    9. Chris Koski & Megan Keating, 2018. "Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(5), pages 691-716, September.
    10. Walker, Jack L., 1969. "The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 63(3), pages 880-899, September.
    11. Charles R. Shipan & Craig Volden, 2006. "Bottom‐Up Federalism: The Diffusion of Antismoking Policies from U.S. Cities to States," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(4), pages 825-843, October.
    12. Thomas Measham & Benjamin Preston & Timothy Smith & Cassandra Brooke & Russell Gorddard & Geoff Withycombe & Craig Morrison, 2011. "Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: barriers and challenges," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(8), pages 889-909, December.
    13. Robert Brulle, 2014. "Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 122(4), pages 681-694, February.
    14. Berry, Michael J. & Laird, Frank N. & Stefes, Christoph H., 2015. "Driving energy: the enactment and ambitiousness of state renewable energy policy," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 35(2), pages 297-328, August.
    15. Barry G. Rabe, 2008. "States on Steroids: The Intergovernmental Odyssey of American Climate Policy," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 25(2), pages 105-128, March.
    16. Peterson, Thomas D. & Rose, Adam Z., 2006. "Reducing conflicts between climate policy and energy policy in the US: The important role of the states," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 619-631, March.
    17. Thomas G Measham & Benjamin L Preston & Cassandra Brooke & Tim F Smith & Craig Morrison & Geoff Withycombe & Russell Gorddard, 2010. "Adapting to Climate Change Through Local Municipal Planning: Barriers and Opportunities," Socio-Economics and the Environment in Discussion (SEED) Working Paper Series 2010-05, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems.
    18. Walker, Jack L., 1969. "The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 63(3), pages 880-899, September.
    19. Rosina Bierbaum & Joel Smith & Arthur Lee & Maria Blair & Lynne Carter & F. Chapin & Paul Fleming & Susan Ruffo & Missy Stults & Shannon McNeeley & Emily Wasley & Laura Verduzco, 2013. "A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 361-406, March.
    20. Chris Koski & Alma Siulagi, 2016. "Environmental Harm or Natural Hazard? Problem Identification and Adaptation in U.S. Municipal Climate Action Plans," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 33(3), pages 270-290, May.
    21. Zhenghong Tang & Samuel Brody & Courtney Quinn & Liang Chang & Ting Wei, 2010. "Moving from agenda to action: evaluating local climate change action plans," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(1), pages 41-62.
    22. Sierra C. Woodruff & Missy Stults, 2016. "Numerous strategies but limited implementation guidance in US local adaptation plans," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(8), pages 796-802, August.
    23. Daniel C. Matisoff, 2008. "The Adoption of State Climate Change Policies and Renewable Portfolio Standards: Regional Diffusion or Internal Determinants?," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 25(6), pages 527-546, December.
    24. Byrne, John & Hughes, Kristen & Rickerson, Wilson & Kurdgelashvili, Lado, 2007. "American policy conflict in the greenhouse: Divergent trends in federal, regional, state, and local green energy and climate change policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4555-4573, September.
    25. Elisabeth M. Hamin & Nicole Gurran & Ana Mesquita Emlinger, 2014. "Barriers to Municipal Climate Adaptation: Examples From Coastal Massachusetts' Smaller Cities and Towns," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 80(2), pages 110-122, April.
    26. Linda Shi & Eric Chu & Jessica Debats, 2015. "Explaining Progress in Climate Adaptation Planning Across 156 U.S. Municipalities," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 81(3), pages 191-202, July.
    27. Berry, Frances Stokes & Berry, William D., 1990. "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 84(2), pages 395-415, June.
    28. Pollak, Melisa & Meyer, Bryn & Wilson, Elizabeth, 2011. "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Lessons from state climate action plans," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5429-5439, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Derek Glasgow & Shuang Zhao & Saatvika Rai, 2021. "Rethinking Climate Change Leadership: An Analysis of the Ambitiousness of State GHG Targets," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(4), pages 398-426, July.
    2. Yingkai Yin & Hongxin Ma & Zhenni Wu & Aobo Yue, 2023. "How Does China Build Its Fintech Strategy? A Perspective of Policy Evolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Matthew C. Nowlin, 2022. "Who should “do more” about climate change? Cultural theory, polycentricity, and public support for climate change actions across actors and governments," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(4), pages 468-485, July.
    4. Evan M. Mistur & John Wagner Givens & Daniel C. Matisoff, 2023. "Contagious COVID‐19 policies: Policy diffusion during times of crisis," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 36-62, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Derek Glasgow & Shuang Zhao & Saatvika Rai, 2021. "Rethinking Climate Change Leadership: An Analysis of the Ambitiousness of State GHG Targets," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(4), pages 398-426, July.
    2. Côme Billard & Anna Creti & Antoine Mandel, 2020. "How Environmental Policies Spread? A Network Approach to Diffusion in the U.S," Working Papers 2020.12, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    3. Brian Y. An & Adam Butz & Min-Kyeong Cha & Joshua L. Mitchell, 2023. "Following neighbors or regional leaders? Unpacking the effect of geographic proximity in local climate policy diffusion," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 56(4), pages 825-868, December.
    4. Haupt, Wolfgang & Eckersley, Peter & Kern, Kristine, 2021. "Transfer und Skalierung von lokaler Klimapolitik: Konzeptionelle Ansätze, Voraussetzungen und Potenziale," IRS Dialog 1/2021, Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space (IRS).
    5. Stevens, Mark R. & Senbel, Maged, 2017. "Are municipal land use plans keeping pace with global climate change?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Yi, Hongtao & Feiock, Richard C. & Berry, Frances S., 2017. "Overcoming collective action barriers to energy sustainability: A longitudinal study of climate protection accord adoption by local governments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 339-346.
    7. Armstrong, John H., 2019. "Modeling effective local government climate policies that exceed state targets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 15-26.
    8. Neal D. Woods, 2021. "The State of State Environmental Policy Research: A Thirty‐Year Progress Report," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(3), pages 347-369, May.
    9. Qiao Hu & Zhenghong Tang & Martha Shulski & Natalie Umphlett & Tarik Abdel-Monem & Frank E. Uhlarik, 2018. "An examination of midwestern US cities’ preparedness for climate change and extreme hazards," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(2), pages 777-800, November.
    10. Bae, Hyunhoe & Yu, Sanguk, 2018. "Information and coercive regulation: The impact of fuel mix information disclosure on states’ adoption of renewable energy policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 151-159.
    11. Xinyu Fu & Bowen Sun & Kathryn Frank & Zhong-Ren Peng, 2019. "Evaluating sea-level rise vulnerability assessments in the USA," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 155(3), pages 393-415, August.
    12. Kaveh Rashidi & Anthony Patt, 2018. "Subsistence over symbolism: the role of transnational municipal networks on cities’ climate policy innovation and adoption," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 507-523, April.
    13. Evan M. Mistur & John Wagner Givens & Daniel C. Matisoff, 2023. "Contagious COVID‐19 policies: Policy diffusion during times of crisis," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 36-62, January.
    14. Nico Heiden & Felix Strebel, 2012. "What about non-diffusion? The effect of competitiveness in policy-comparative diffusion research," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 45(4), pages 345-358, December.
    15. Dave Guyadeen & Jason Thistlethwaite & Daniel Henstra, 2019. "Evaluating the quality of municipal climate change plans in Canada," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 152(1), pages 121-143, January.
    16. Charles R. Shipan & Craig Volden, 2008. "The Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(4), pages 840-857, October.
    17. Valente, Thomas W. & Pitts, Stephanie & Wipfli, Heather & Vega Yon, George G., 2019. "Network influences on policy implementation: Evidence from a global health treaty," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 188-197.
    18. Hayashida, Sherilyn & La Croix, Sumner & Coffman, Makena, 2021. "Understanding changes in electric vehicle policies in the U.S. states, 2010–2018," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 211-223.
    19. Felix Strebel & Thomas Widmer, 2012. "Visibility and facticity in policy diffusion: going beyond the prevailing binarity," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 45(4), pages 385-398, December.
    20. Qiao Hu & Zhenghong Tang & Lei Zhang & Yuanyuan Xu & Xiaolin Wu & Ligang Zhang, 2018. "Evaluating climate change adaptation efforts on the US 50 states’ hazard mitigation plans," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 92(2), pages 783-804, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:37:y:2020:i:4:p:444-463. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipsonea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.