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Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America

Author

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  • Chris Koski
  • Megan Keating

Abstract

This paper investigates the landscape of state‐level adaptation planning in the United States. We answer three primary research questions: First, how are states planning for climate change? Second, who are states targeting for climate adaptation? Third, what tools are states using to motivate climate adaptation efforts? We develop and implement a coding scheme using Schneider and Ingram’s Social Construction Framework (SCF) to characterize variation in 2033 individual adaptation goals mentioned in all 14 American states with explicit adaptation plans. We use these data to understand the types of tools used to motivate different actors (governmental, private, nonprofit) to adapt to climate change. We find that the most frequent target of state adaptation planning is the state itself, which provides an opportunity to extend the SCF to a target group often not mentioned in public policy. Specifically, we find that states target themselves with mandates or tools designed to acquire information. Other stakeholders in adaptation are more likely to be the targets of capacity building tools. Private actors are the only population more likely to be targeted by incentives. The project expands the Social Construction Framework to include targets and tools of planning efforts. Practically, our article offers a methodology by which to compare the vastly heterogeneous efforts to adapt to climate change at the subnational level. 本文考查了美国各州的气候适应计划。作者回答了三个主要研究问题:第一,各州如何制定气候变化方面的计划?第二,各州针对气候适应的目标对象是谁?第三,各州使用何种工具来激励气候适应相关工作?通过使用施耐德和英格兰姆的社会建构框架(Social Construction Framework,SCF),作者提出并实施了一项编码方案,用于描述14个具备明确适应计划的美国州在2033个适应目标之间存在的变化。作者使用这些数据以理解在激励不同行动者(来自政府、私人或非营利组织)适应气候变化时应用的工具类型。作者发现,州适应计划最常将各州本身作为目标,因为后者提供机会将SCF带给在公共政策中较少提到的目标群体。具体而言,作者发现,各州用指令或工具(用于获取信息)将自身设为目标。适应计划中的其他利益相关者更可能成为能力建设工具的目标。私人行动者是唯一更可能被激励手段设为目标的群体。本文将社会建构框架扩大,它包括了气候适应计划相关工作的目标和应用的工具。实际上,本文提供了一种方法论,通过此方法论可以比较各区域在适应气候变化上所做的极其不同的努力。 Este documento investiga el panorama de la planeación a la adaptación a nivel estatal en los Estados Unidos. Respondemos tres interrogantes primordiales de investigación: Primero, ¿cómo están planificando los estados para el cambio climático? Segundo, ¿qué poblaciones son el objetivo de la adaptación al clima? Tercero, ¿qué herramientas están usando los estados para motivar a los esfuerzos de adaptación al clima? Desarrollamos e implementamos un esquema de codificación al utilizar el Marco Teórico de la Construcción Social de Schneider e Ingram (SCF) para caracterizar la variación en 2033 objetivos individuales de adaptación mencionados en todos los 14 estados de EE. UU. que tienen planes de adaptación específicos. Utilizamos estos datos para comprender los tipos de herramientas que se usan para motivar a los diferentes actores (gubernamental, privado, sin fin de lucro) para la adaptación al cambio climático. Hallamos que el objetivo más frecuente de la planeación estatal para la adaptación es el estado en sí, lo cual proporciona una oportunidad para extender el SCF a un grupo destinario que no es mencionado públicamente con frecuencia. Específicamente, hallamos que los estados se ponen como objetivo a sí mismos mediante el uso de mandatos o herramientas designadas para la adquisición de información. Otros afectados de la adaptación son más propensos a ser objetivos de herramientas de construcción de capacidad. Los actores privados son la única población que es más propensa a ser objetivo de los incentivos. El proyecto expande el Marco Teórico de la Construcción Social para incluir objetivos y herramientas de los esfuerzos de planeación. Prácticamente, nuestro artículo ofrece una metodología mediante la cual se pueden comparar los esfuerzos mayormente heterogéneos para adaptarse al cambio climático a nivel subnacional.

Suggested Citation

  • Chris Koski & Megan Keating, 2018. "Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(5), pages 691-716, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:5:p:691-716
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12308
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    Cited by:

    1. Derek Glasgow & Shuang Zhao & Saatvika Rai, 2021. "Rethinking Climate Change Leadership: An Analysis of the Ambitiousness of State GHG Targets," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(4), pages 398-426, July.
    2. Saatvika Rai, 2020. "Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(4), pages 444-463, July.
    3. Neal D. Woods, 2021. "The State of State Environmental Policy Research: A Thirty‐Year Progress Report," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(3), pages 347-369, May.

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