IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/reesec/v43y2015i1p8-36.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

REIT and Commercial Real Estate Returns: A Postmortem of the Financial Crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Libo Sun
  • Sheridan D. Titman
  • Garry J. Twite

Abstract

type="main"> In the years surrounding the financial crisis, the share prices of equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) were much more volatile than the underlying commercial real estate prices. To better understand this phenomenon we examine the cross-sectional dispersion of REIT returns during this time period with a particular focus on the influence of their capital structures. By looking at both the debt ratio and the maturity structure of the debt, we separate the pure leverage effect from the effect of financial distress. Consistent with leverage and financial distress costs amplifying the price decline, we find that the share prices of REITs with higher debt-to-asset ratios and shorter maturity debt fell more during the 2007 to early-2009 crisis period. Although REIT prices rebounded with the bounce back in commercial real estate prices, financial distress costs had a permanent effect on REIT values. In particular, we find that REITs with more debt due during the crisis period tended to sell more property and issue more equity in 2009, when prices were depressed.

Suggested Citation

  • Libo Sun & Sheridan D. Titman & Garry J. Twite, 2015. "REIT and Commercial Real Estate Returns: A Postmortem of the Financial Crisis," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 8-36, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:43:y:2015:i:1:p:8-36
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1540-6229.12055
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Viral V. Acharya & Douglas Gale & Tanju Yorulmazer, 2011. "Rollover Risk and Market Freezes," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(4), pages 1177-1209, August.
    2. Diamond, Douglas W., 1993. "Seniority and maturity of debt contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 341-368, June.
    3. Zhiguo He & Wei Xiong, 2012. "Rollover Risk and Credit Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(2), pages 391-430, April.
    4. Almeida, Heitor & Campello, Murillo & Laranjeira, Bruno & Weisbenner, Scott, 2012. "Corporate Debt Maturity and the Real Effects of the 2007 Credit Crisis," Critical Finance Review, now publishers, vol. 1(1), pages 3-58, January.
    5. David M. Harrison & Christine A. Panasian & Michael J. Seiler, 2011. "Further Evidence on the Capital Structure of REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 39(1), pages 133-166, March.
    6. Joseph T.L. Ooi & Woei-Chyuan Wong & Seow-Eng Ong, 2012. "Can Bank Lines of Credit Protect REITs against a Credit Crisis?," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 40(2), pages 285-316, June.
    7. Mine Ertugrul & Erasmo Giambona, 2011. "Property Segment and REIT Capital Structure," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 505-526, November.
    8. William G. Hardin III & Zhonghua Wu, 2010. "Banking Relationships and REIT Capital Structure," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 38(2), pages 257-284, June.
    9. Choi, Jaewon & Hackbarth, Dirk & Zechner, Josef, 2021. "Granularity of Corporate Debt," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(4), pages 1127-1162, June.
    10. Douglas W. Diamond, 1991. "Debt Maturity Structure and Liquidity Risk," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 106(3), pages 709-737.
    11. Brickley, James A. & Lease, Ronald C. & Smith, Clifford Jr., 1988. "Ownership structure and voting on antitakeover amendments," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(1-2), pages 267-291, January.
    12. William G. Hardin III & Matthew D. Hill, 2011. "Credit Line Availability and Utilization in REITs," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 33(4), pages 507-530.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tom Emmerling & Crocker Liu & Yildiray Yildirim, 2017. "The Hybrid Nature of Real Estate Trusts," ERES eres2017_370, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    2. Jamie Alcock & Eva Steiner, 2018. "Fundamental Drivers of Dependence in REIT Returns," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 4-42, July.
    3. Almazan, Andres & de Motta, Adolfo & Titman, Sheridan, 2015. "Debt, labor markets, and the creation and destruction of firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(3), pages 636-657.
    4. Lingxiao Li & Bing Zhu, 2024. "REITs’ Stock Return Volatility: Property Market Risk Versus Equity Market Risk," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(3), pages 452-476, October.
    5. Gregg Fisher & Eva Steiner & Sheridan Titman & Ashvin Viswanathan, 2022. "Location density, systematic risk, and cap rates: Evidence from REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(2), pages 366-400, June.
    6. Masud Alam, 2021. "Time Varying Risk in U.S. Housing Sector and Real Estate Investment Trusts Equity Return," Papers 2107.10455, arXiv.org.
    7. Odusami, Babatunde O., 2021. "Volatility jumps and their determinants in REIT returns," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    8. Le Ma & Peter Wells, 2024. "Evaluation of Fair Value Relevance and Sensitivity to Valuation Assumptions," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 60(3), pages 419-445, September.
    9. Brent W. Ambrose & Brad Case & Seow Eng Ong, 2015. "Introduction to the Special Issue," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 1-7, March.
    10. Kelvin Jui Keng Tan, 2017. "Why Do Overconfident REIT CEOs Issue More Debt? Mechanisms and Value Implications," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 53(3), pages 319-348, September.
    11. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & He Li & Desmond Tsang, 2022. "Operating Lease as Alternative Financing for REITs: a Viable Strategy or a Sign of Trouble?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 153-180, August.
    12. Michael J. Highfield & Lily Shen & Thomas M. Springer, 2021. "Economies of Scale and the Operating Efficiency of REITs: A Revisit," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 108-138, January.
    13. Masud Alam, 2024. "Volatility in U.S. Housing Sector and the REIT Equity Return," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(3), pages 505-544, October.
    14. Andrey Pavlov & Eva Steiner & Susan Wachter, 2018. "The Consequences of REIT Index Membership for Return Patterns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 46(1), pages 210-250, March.
    15. Bao, Helen X.H. & Gong, Cynthia Miao, 2017. "Reference-dependent analysis of capital structure and REIT performance," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 38-49.
    16. Mariya Letdin & Stace Sirmans & G. Stacy Sirmans, 2022. "Betting Against the Sentiment in REIT NAV Premiums," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 64(4), pages 590-614, May.
    17. Doan, Trang & Nguyen, Nga Q., 2018. "Boards of directors and firm leverage: Evidence from real estate investment trusts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 109-124.
    18. Gerlach, Richard & Obaydin, Ivan & Zurbruegg, Ralf, 2015. "The impact of leverage on the idiosyncratic risk and return relationship of REITs around the financial crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 207-219.
    19. Jamie Alcock & Petra Andrlikova, 2018. "Asymmetric Dependence in Real Estate Investment Trusts: An Asset-Pricing Analysis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 183-216, February.
    20. Apostolos Ampountolas, 2022. "Postcrisis REIT performance using financial ratios: A DEA approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(2), pages 371-393, March.
    21. Yuanchen Chang & Yi-Ting Hsieh & Kiat Ying Seah, 2024. "Banking Relationships and Financing Decisions of REITs," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 27(1), pages 1-32.
    22. Yijia Wen & Li Fang & Qing Li, 2022. "Commercial Real Estate Market at a Crossroads: The Impact of COVID-19 and the Implications to Future Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, October.
    23. Chris Ratcliffe & Bill Dimovski & Monica Keneley, 2017. "The Performance of REIT Acquirers in the Post-Merger Period," ERES eres2017_43, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    24. Sheridan Titman, 2017. "Does Ownership Structure Matter?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 23(3), pages 357-375, June.
    25. Stanley Iat Meng Ko & Rose Neng Lai & Zhenjiang Qin, 2023. "Social Network Matters: Capital Structure Risk Control on REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 709-742, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Sumingyue & Wang, Xinlu & Xu, Liang, 2023. "Debt maturity structure and the quality of risk disclosures," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Choi, Jaewon & Hackbarth, Dirk & Zechner, Josef, 2021. "Granularity of Corporate Debt," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(4), pages 1127-1162, June.
    3. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & He Li & Desmond Tsang, 2022. "Operating Lease as Alternative Financing for REITs: a Viable Strategy or a Sign of Trouble?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 153-180, August.
    4. Iwaki, Hiromichi & Saito, Junyu, 2022. "Does rollover risk matter to payout policies? Evidence from Japanese listed firms," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    5. Khoo, Joye & (Wai Kong) Cheung, Adrian, 2022. "Managerial ability and debt maturity," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1).
    6. Kwanglim Seo, 2016. "The effect of franchising on debt maturity in the US restaurant industry," Tourism Economics, , vol. 22(6), pages 1404-1422, December.
    7. Norden, Lars & Roosenboom, Peter & Wang, Teng, 2016. "The effects of corporate bond granularity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 25-34.
    8. Choi, Jaewon & Hackbarth, Dirk & Zechner, Josef, 2018. "Corporate debt maturity profiles," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(3), pages 484-502.
    9. Kyunghun Kim & Ju Hyun Pyun & Jiyoun An, 2017. "Does Credit Market Integration Amplify the Transmission of Real Business Cycle During Financial Crisis?," 2017 Meeting Papers 1236, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    10. Meg Adachi-Sato & Chaiporn Vithessonthi, 2016. "Bank Systemic Risk and Corporate Investment," PIER Discussion Papers 17., Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, revised Jan 2016.
    11. Shang, Chenguang, 2021. "Dare to play with fire? Managerial ability and the use of short-term debt," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Paul Borochin & John L. Glascock & Ran Lu-Andrews & Jie Yang, 2017. "Using Option Market Liquidity to Predict REIT Leverage Changes," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 135-154, August.
    13. Atawnah, Nader & Zaman, Rashid & Liu, Jia & Atawna, Thaer & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Does foreign competition affect corporate debt maturity structure? Evidence from import penetration," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    14. Garcia-Appendini, Emilia, 2014. "Idiosyncratic Shocks and Industry Contagion: Evidence from a Quasi-experiment," Working Papers on Finance 1410, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance, revised Mar 2015.
    15. Hong, Jieying, 2019. "Managerial compensation incentives and corporate debt maturity: Evidence from FAS 123R," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 388-414.
    16. Wang, Xiaoxiao & Liu, Haiming, 2022. "The impact of rollover restriction on stock price crash risk," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    17. George D. Cashman & David M. Harrison & Shelly Howton & Benjamin Scheick, 2023. "The Cost of Financial Flexibility: Information Opacity, Agency Conflicts and REIT at-the-Market (ATM) Equity Offerings," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 505-541, February.
    18. Nils Friewald & Florian Nagler & Christian Wagner, 2022. "Debt Refinancing and Equity Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 2287-2329, August.
    19. Yang-pin Shen & Chou-Yen Wu & Chiuling Lu, 2023. "U.S. REIT banking relationships and syndicated loan pricing," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 447-479, August.
    20. Adachi-Sato, Meg & Vithessonthi, Chaiporn, 2019. "Corporate debt maturity and future firm performance volatility," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 216-237.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:43:y:2015:i:1:p:8-36. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/areueea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.