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Banking Relationships and REIT Capital Structure

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  • William G. Hardin III
  • Zhonghua Wu

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of real estate investment trust (REIT) capital structure in the new REIT era with a focus on the effects of banking relationships on REIT capital structure. Using a unique sample of REITs from 1992 to 2003, we find that, after controlling for firm characteristics, REITs with banking relationships are more likely to obtain long‐term debt ratings and subsequently issue public debt. Moreover, REITs with banking relationships tend to use less secured debt and have lower leverage. These findings support the notion that banking relationships facilitate REITs' access to the public debt markets and help explain why REITs shift from traditional mortgage financing to bank debt and public capital market financing. The results also support the proposition that firm leverage should be positively related to the amount of a firm's secured debt.

Suggested Citation

  • William G. Hardin III & Zhonghua Wu, 2010. "Banking Relationships and REIT Capital Structure," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 38(2), pages 257-284, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:38:y:2010:i:2:p:257-284
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2010.00267.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Yunus Yasin Dogan & Chinmoy Ghosh & Milena Petrova, 2019. "On the Determinants of REIT Capital Structure: Evidence from around the World," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 295-328, August.
    2. Yuanchen Chang & Yi-Ting Hsieh & Kiat Ying Seah, 2024. "Banking Relationships and Financing Decisions of REITs," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 27(1), pages 1-32.
    3. Heng An & Qun Wu & Zhonghua Wu, 2016. "REIT Crash Risk and Institutional Investors," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 527-558, November.
    4. Libo Sun & Sheridan D. Titman & Garry J. Twite, 2015. "REIT and Commercial Real Estate Returns: A Postmortem of the Financial Crisis," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 8-36, March.
    5. Jianfu Shen & Kwong Wing Chau, 2022. "The Effect of Access to the Public Debt Market on Corporate Financing Decisions: The Case of REITs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Zainudin, Zalina & Hussain, Hafezali Iqbal & Abdul Hadi, Abdul Razak & ibrahim, izani, 2017. "Debt and Financial Performance of MREITs in Malaysia: An Optimal Debt Threshold Analysis," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 51(2), pages 63-74.
    7. Emanuela Giacomini & David Ling & Andy Naranjo, 2015. "Leverage and Returns: A Cross-Country Analysis of Public Real Estate Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 125-159, August.
    8. Bao, Helen X.H. & Gong, Cynthia Miao, 2017. "Reference-dependent analysis of capital structure and REIT performance," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 38-49.
    9. Daniel Huerta & Thanh Ngo & Mark K. Pyles, 2024. "Market and Institutional Ownership Reactions to REIT Security Issuances," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(1), pages 164-199, July.
    10. Erasmo Giambona & Joseph Golec & Armin Schwienbacher, 2014. "Debt Capacity of Real Estate Collateral," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 42(3), pages 578-605, September.
    11. Gerlach, Richard & Obaydin, Ivan & Zurbruegg, Ralf, 2015. "The impact of leverage on the idiosyncratic risk and return relationship of REITs around the financial crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 207-219.
    12. Chinmoy Ghosh & Le Sun, 2014. "Agency Cost, Dividend Policy and Growth: The Special Case of REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 660-708, May.
    13. Paul Borochin & John L. Glascock & Ran Lu-Andrews & Jie Yang, 2017. "Using Option Market Liquidity to Predict REIT Leverage Changes," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 135-154, August.
    14. Hohenstatt, Ralf & Steininger, Bertram, 2011. "The rat race of capital structure research for REITs and REOCs: Two spotlights on leverage," ZEW Discussion Papers 11-077, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    15. Yang-pin Shen & Chou-Yen Wu & Chiuling Lu, 2023. "U.S. REIT banking relationships and syndicated loan pricing," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 447-479, August.
    16. Hung, Chih-Hsing & Chen, Ming-Chi & Lin, Wen-Yuan, 2014. "The relationship with REITs and bank loans: Capital structure perspectives," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 140-152.
    17. Heng An & William Hardin & Zhonghua Wu, 2012. "Information Asymmetry and Corporate Liquidity Management: Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 678-704, October.
    18. Soyon Paek & Jin-Young Kim & Sung Gyun Mun & Chulhee Jun, 2021. "In hotel REITs, are institutional investors beneficial for firm value?," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(4), pages 820-840, June.
    19. Colin Murphy & Chris Cloete, 2019. "Debt Capital Markets As A Funding Source For Listed Property Funds In South Africa," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences 9011564, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    20. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & He Li & Desmond Tsang, 2022. "Operating Lease as Alternative Financing for REITs: a Viable Strategy or a Sign of Trouble?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 153-180, August.
    21. Stanley Iat Meng Ko & Rose Neng Lai & Zhenjiang Qin, 2023. "Social Network Matters: Capital Structure Risk Control on REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 709-742, April.

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