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Commercial Real Estate Returns

Author

Listed:
  • Mike Miles
  • Tom McCue

Abstract

In the commercial real estate market, which is perceived to be relatively inefficient, investors have comparative advantages; hence there are significant costs to diversification. This paper presents for the first time a series of market (or quasi‐market) returns for a large data base. This data base is believed to be the most complete commercial real estate data base yet constructed. The paper empirically evaluates the benefits of diversification along various dimensions within the commercial real estate opportunity set. The analysis confirms certain aspects of prior work concerning inflation protection and diversification opportunities while concluding that even investment grade real estate investments are heterogeneous assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Mike Miles & Tom McCue, 1984. "Commercial Real Estate Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 12(3), pages 355-377, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:12:y:1984:i:3:p:355-377
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.00327
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sears, R. Stephen & Trennepohl, Gary L., 1982. "Measuring Portfolio Risk in Options," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(3), pages 391-409, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. James L. Kuhle & Carl H. Walther & Charles H. Wurtzebach, 1986. "The Financial Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 1(1), pages 67-75.
    2. Massimo Guidolin, Mingwei (Max) Liang, Milena Petrova, 2026. "The Importance of Considering Regimes in Long-term Asset Allocation to Real Estate," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 26263, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    3. Kuan-Min, Wang & Yuan-Ming, Lee & T.T.Binh, Nguyen, 2008. "Asymmetric Inflation Hedge of Housing Return: A Non-linear Vector Error Correction Approach," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 11(1), pages 65-82.
    4. Nafeesa Yunus, 2019. "Dynamic Linkages Among U.S. Real Estate Sectors Before and After the Housing Crisis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 264-289, February.
    5. Geoffrey Keogh & Eamonn D'Arcy, 1999. "Property Market Efficiency: An Institutional Economics Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 36(13), pages 2401-2414, December.
    6. Robert Edelstein & Daniel Quan, 2006. "How Does Appraisal Smoothing Bias Real Estate Returns Measurement?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 41-60, February.
    7. Colin Lizieri & Charles Ward, 2000. "Commercial Real Estate Return Distributions: A Review Of Literature And Empirical Evidence," Real Estate & Planning Working Papers rep-wp2000-01, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    8. Michael Devaney & William Rayburn, 1988. "When a House Is More Than a Home: Performance of the Household Portfolio," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 3(1), pages 75-85.
    9. David Geltner, 1989. "Estimating Real Estate's Systematic Risk from Aggregate Level Appraisal‐Based Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 17(4), pages 463-481, December.
    10. Jun Han & Youguo Liang, 1995. "The Historical Performance of Real Estate Investment Trusts," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 10(3), pages 235-262.
    11. Stuart Fletcher, 1993. "Portfolio Considerations in Commingled Real Estate Funds," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 8(2), pages 171-188.
    12. William C. Wheaton & Raymond G. Torto, 1989. "Income and Appraised Values: A Reexamination of the FRC Returns Data," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 17(4), pages 439-449, December.
    13. Martin Hoesli & Colin Lizieri & Bryan MacGregor, 1997. "The Spatial Dimensions of the Investment Performance of UK Commercial Property," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 34(9), pages 1475-1494, August.
    14. Tarbert, Heather, 1998. "The long-run diversification benefits available from investing across geographical regions and property type: evidence from cointegration tests1," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 49-65, January.
    15. Maurizio d'Amato, 2001. "Within Real Estate Portfolio. Diversification through Rough Set Theory," ERES eres2001_141, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    16. Carsten Lausberg & Stephen Lee & Moritz Müller & Cay Oertel & Tobias Schultheiß, 2020. "Risk measures for direct real estate investments with non-normal or unknown return distributions," Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie (German Journal of Real Estate Research), Springer;Gesellschaft für Immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e. V., vol. 6(1), pages 3-27, April.
    17. Wen‐Shwo Fang & Kuan‐Min Wang & Thanh‐Binh T. Nguyen, 2008. "Is Real Estate Really an Inflation Hedge? Evidence from Taiwan," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 209-224, June.
    18. James R. Webb & Jack H. Rubens, 1987. "Tax Rates and Implicit Rates of Return on Owner-Occupied Single-Family Housing," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 2(2), pages 11-28.
    19. Catherine Jackson, 2002. "Classifying Local Retail Property Markets on the Basis of Rental Growth Rates," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(8), pages 1417-1438, July.
    20. John Glascock & Lynne Kelly, 2007. "The Relative Effect of Property Type and Country Factors in Reduction of Risk of Internationally Diversified Real Estate Portfolios," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 369-384, April.

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