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Shifting Ties: Social Networks in the Surgical Instrument Cluster of Sialkot, Pakistan

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  • Khalid Nadvi

Abstract

The paradox in the industrial district model is understanding how the divergent tendencies of local competition and co‐operation are mediated. Social networks are said to provide mechanisms that regulate inter‐firm relations and facilitate the flow of knowledge within the confines of the district. Empirical evidence of this, particularly from the South, is limited. This article draws on the case of the export‐oriented surgical instrument cluster of Sialkot in Pakistan. It shows how social networks, based on kinship, family and localness, influence production relations, and how the impact of these interlinked local social networks have changed over time. The economic and social reputation that comes from being local is central to vertical and horizontal inter‐firm relations within the cluster. Building social and economic ties with external agents is, however, also becoming important, especially to acquire the technical know‐how necessary to remain competitive in global markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid Nadvi, 1999. "Shifting Ties: Social Networks in the Surgical Instrument Cluster of Sialkot, Pakistan," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 30(1), pages 141-175, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:devchg:v:30:y:1999:i:1:p:141-175
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00110
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    Cited by:

    1. Murphy, James T., 2002. "Networks, Trust, and Innovation in Tanzania's Manufacturing Sector," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 591-619, April.
    2. Theresia Gunawan & Jojo Jacob & Geert Duysters, 2016. "Network ties and entrepreneurial orientation: Innovative performance of SMEs in a developing country," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 575-599, June.
    3. Sandrine Labory, 2011. "Role of external knowledge flows in cluster upgrading: an empirical analysis of the Mirandola biomedical district in Italy," Working Papers 201114, University of Ferrara, Department of Economics.
    4. Ciravegna, Luciano & Majano, Sara B. & Zhan, Ge, 2014. "The inception of internationalization of small and medium enterprises: The role of activeness and networks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 1081-1089.
    5. Kurt Annen, 2011. "Lies and slander: truth-telling in repeated matching games with private monitoring," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 37(2), pages 269-285, July.
    6. Annen, Kurt, 2003. "Social capital, inclusive networks, and economic performance," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 449-463, April.
    7. Theresa Thompson Chaudhry, 2005. "Industrial Clusters in Developing Countries: A Survey of the Literature," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 10(2), pages 15-34, Jul-Dec.
    8. Theresa Thompson Chaudhry, 2011. "Prospects for Cooperative Marketing among Surgical Instrument Producers in Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, Jan-Jun.
    9. Elisa Giuliani, 2010. "Clusters, Networks and Economic Development: An Evolutionary Economics Perspective," Chapters, in: Ron Boschma & Ron Martin (ed.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography, chapter 12, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    10. James T Murphy, 2006. "The Sociospatial Dynamics of Creativity and Production in Tanzanian Industry: Urban Furniture Manufacturers in a Liberalizing Economy," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 38(10), pages 1863-1882, October.
    11. Weiss, Tim & Lounsbury, Mike & Bruton, Garry, 2024. "Survivalist Organizing in Urban Poverty Contexts," OSF Preprints 3mecq, Center for Open Science.
    12. Sana Ullah & Muhammad Tariq Majeed & Babur Wasim Arif, 2021. "Social capital and firms’ choice of financing under credit constraints: microeconomic evidence from Pakistan," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 48(1), pages 3-13, March.
    13. Mizanur Rahman, S.M. & Mayer, Audrey L., 2015. "How social ties influence metal resource flows in the Bangladesh ship recycling industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 254-264.
    14. Ali, Merima & Peerlings, Jack & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2010. "Clustering as an organizational response to capital market inefficiency: Evidence from handloom enterprises in Ethiopia," IFPRI discussion papers 1045, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    15. Kennedy, Loraine, 1999. "Cooperating for Survival: Tannery Pollution and Joint Action in the Palar Valley (India)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 27(9), pages 1673-1691, September.
    16. Maryiam Haroon & Azam Chaudhry, 2021. "Where to Locate? The Correlation Between Spatial Proximity and Location Choice of New Firms: The Case of Pakistan," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 35(2), pages 187-208, June.
    17. Babur Wasim Arif & Sana Ullah, 2021. "From subcontractors to company owners: modeling firm-type choices in industrial clusters," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 11(1), pages 153-161, December.
    18. Merima Ali & Jack Peerlings & Xiaobo Zhang, 2014. "Clustering as an organizational response to capital market inefficiency: evidence from microenterprises in Ethiopia," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 697-709, October.
    19. Hadi Khan & Vatcharapol Sukhotu, 2020. "Influence of media exposure and Corporate Social Responsibility compliance on customer perception: The moderating role of Firm's reputation risk," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(5), pages 2107-2121, September.
    20. Murphy, James T., 2007. "The Challenge of Upgrading in African Industries: Socio-Spatial Factors and the Urban Environment in Mwanza, Tanzania," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 1754-1778, October.
    21. Babur Wasim Arif, 2013. "Education, Experience and Enterprise Development," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 8(3), pages 273-299, December.
    22. Amit Basole, 2014. "Informality and Flexible Specialization: Labour Supply, Wages, and Knowledge Flows in an Indian Artisanal Cluster," Working Papers 2014_07, University of Massachusetts Boston, Economics Department.
    23. Theresia Gunawan & Jojo Jacob & Geert Duysters, 2013. "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Network Ties: Innovative Performance of SMEs in an Emerging-Economy Manufacturing Cluster," Working Papers 2013/28, Maastricht School of Management.

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