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Full‐cost accounting and redefining the cost of food: Implications for agricultural economics research

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  • Joachim von Braun
  • Sheryl L. Hendriks

Abstract

Food systems have significant externalities that are not reflected in market prices. A first step to correct parts of these externalities is to make them transparent through “true‐” or full‐cost accounting. Estimates of the external health and environmental costs of food systems at a global level suggest that they may be about two times larger than food valued at market prices, that is, about 20 trillion US$ of externalities versus 9 trillion US$ of food value in the markets. The agricultural economics profession is challenged to move the true cost research agenda forward by identifying realistic pathways for internalizing some of the large food system externalities. Moving from true cost accounting (TCA) to policy action needs to involve citizens and policy‐making bodies because internalizing externalities requires buy‐in. This relates for instance, to policy instruments such as product labeling, nudging, and differential taxes and subsidies to incentivize healthy diets and disincentivize food waste. Agricultural economics will need to accompany the implementation of any true cost approaches with scrutiny in terms of the efficiency, welfare, ecological, and distributional effects of such policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Joachim von Braun & Sheryl L. Hendriks, 2023. "Full‐cost accounting and redefining the cost of food: Implications for agricultural economics research," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(4), pages 451-454, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:agecon:v:54:y:2023:i:4:p:451-454
    DOI: 10.1111/agec.12774
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Stuckler & Martin McKee & Shah Ebrahim & Sanjay Basu, 2012. "Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-8, June.
    2. Ephraim Nkonya & Alisher Mirzabaev & Joachim von Braun (ed.), 2016. "Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-19168-3, July.
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    1. Motakefi, Mahdi & Dahmardeh, Mehdi & Ghanbari, Seyed Ahmad & Asgharipour, Mohammad Reza, 2025. "A comparative study of production systems in the Goharkuh Taftan complex utilising emergy and economic analysis," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 500(C).
    2. Lina M. Tennhardt & Robert Home & Nguyen Thi Bich Yen & Pham Hoi & Pierre Ferrand & Christian Grovermann, 2025. "Mixed method evaluation of factors influencing the adoption of organic participatory guarantee system certification among Vietnamese vegetable farmers," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 42(2), pages 885-904, June.

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