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An Analysis of the Contribution of Small-Scale Farming to Rural Household Income. A Case of Honde Valley, Zimbabwe

Author

Listed:
  • Ruvarashe Patricia Mutasa

    (Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, P. Bag 7001, St Guthrie R/d, Fernhill, Mutare)

  • Radios Mutumburanzou

    (Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, P. Bag 7001, St Guthrie R/d, Fernhill, Mutare)

  • Nyasha Sakadzo

    (Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, P. Bag 7001, St Guthrie R/d, Fernhill, Mutare)

  • Friday Nguvayasvika Mudondo Kubiku

    (Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences, P. Bag 7001, St Guthrie R/d, Fernhill, Mutare)

Abstract

Small-scale farming plays a critical role in reducing rural poverty and contributes significantly to household income. This study aimed to assess the contribution of small-scale farming to rural household income in Honde Valley, Mutasa District, Zimbabwe. A survey was conducted, during which 60 questionnaires were distributed. Key findings revealed that small-scale farming significantly contributes to household income, with an average annual income ranging from $1201 to $2000, accounting for 78% of total rural household income. However, the heavy dependence on farming exposes households to climate shocks and income insecurity. A multivariate linear regression model was applied, and the analysis indicated that larger household size—likely due to increased labor availability—had a positive effect on income. Marital status, particularly being widowed or single, was associated with lower income levels. The model also demonstrated that crop diversification, market access, and irrigation use positively influence household income. Conversely, off-farm and non-farm income sources were found to be insignificant contributors to overall household income. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of policies and programs that support small-scale farmers. Enhancing irrigation development, improving market access, promoting crop diversification, and adopting climate-resilient practices can significantly improve livelihoods, income generation, and food security in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruvarashe Patricia Mutasa & Radios Mutumburanzou & Nyasha Sakadzo & Friday Nguvayasvika Mudondo Kubiku, 2026. "An Analysis of the Contribution of Small-Scale Farming to Rural Household Income. A Case of Honde Valley, Zimbabwe," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 13(4), pages 638-652, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjc:journl:v:13:y:2026:i:4:p:638-652
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Frank Ellis, 2000. "The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 289-302, May.
    2. Chrispinus Mutsami & Martin C. Parlasca & Matin Qaim, 2025. "Evolving Farm and Off‐Farm Income Sources and Jobs in Rural Africa," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(6), pages 1367-1380, August.
    3. Kumbirai Terera & Silas Mangwende & Josphat Nyoni, 2024. "Unpacking the Zimbabwean Smallholder Banana Farmers’ Dilemma along Value Chains: A Survey in Mutasa District," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(11), pages 773-783, November.
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