Features and prospects for reforming modern economic theory

The article deals with issues that are related to the search for new approaches to the analysis of the modern economy, allowing for the resolution of the contradictions that have accumulated in the depths of economic science. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of current trends and prospects for reforming modern economic theory in accordance with changing realities. The methodological basis of the study was the constructivist approach used in the social sciences, which makes it possible to study the economy on the basis of post-structuralist logic. The author shows that competing research approaches are created within the framework of a common paradigm and involve the construction of structuralist versions of theoretical descriptions that interpret the exogenous influence of social factors on the economic behavior of subjects. At the same time, the unorthodox approach provides for the consideration of processes occurring at three main levels of economic reality: deep, average, and empirical, while in the mainstream approach, only at the average and empirical levels. The modern wave of changes in the development of economic theory, associated with the use of interdisciplinary methods of studying the economy and the awareness of the limitations of the theories of the economic mainstream is characterized by reaching a new level of understanding the complexity of the modern economy, it is proposed to use a constructivist approach that is interdisciplinary in its status, which allows, based on post-structuralist logic, to analyze the endogenous mechanisms for the formation of institutional ties formed on its three levels of economic reality. In this regard, it becomes possible to meaningfully interpret the successes and failures that arise in the implementation of reforms in national economies.