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Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: Evidence from Canadian smokers

Author

Listed:
  • Hammond, D.
  • Fong, G.T.
  • McDonald, P.W.
  • Brown, K.S.
  • Cameron, R.

Abstract

Objectives. We assessed the impact of graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels. Methods. We used a longitudinal telephone survey of 616 adult smokers. Results. Approximately one fifth of participants reported smoking less as a result of the labels; only 1% reported smoking more. Although participants reported negative emotional responses to the warnings including fear (44%) and disgust (58%), smokers who reported greater negative emotion were more likely to have quit, attempted to quit, or reduced their smoking 3 months later. Participants who attempted to avoid the warnings (30%) were no less likely to think about the warnings or engage in cessation behavior at follow-up. Conclusions. Policymakers should not be reluctant to introduce vivid or graphic warnings for fear of adverse outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Hammond, D. & Fong, G.T. & McDonald, P.W. & Brown, K.S. & Cameron, R., 2004. "Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: Evidence from Canadian smokers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(8), pages 1442-1445.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2004:94:8:1442-1445_5
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    Cited by:

    1. Seon Min Lee & Seungwoo Chun & Jin Suk Lee, 2020. "The Role of Negative Emotions Pre- and Post-Implementation of Graphic Health Warnings: Longitudinal Evidence from South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Seunghee Han & Jennifer Lerner & Richard Zeckhauser, 2012. "The disgust-promotes-disposal effect," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 101-113, April.
    3. Thomas Mariotti & Nikolaus Schweizer & Nora Szech & Jonas von Wangenheim, 2023. "Information Nudges and Self-Control," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(4), pages 2182-2197, April.
    4. Janet Chung-Hall & Geoffrey T. Fong & Gang Meng & Mi Yan & Takahiro Tabuchi & Itsuro Yoshimi & Yumiko Mochizuki & Lorraine V. Craig & Janine Ouimet & Anne C. K. Quah, 2020. "Effectiveness of Text-Only Cigarette Health Warnings in Japan: Findings from the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, February.
    5. Ian G. J. Dawson, 2018. "Assessing the Effects of Information About Global Population Growth on Risk Perceptions and Support for Mitigation and Prevention Strategies," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(10), pages 2222-2241, October.
    6. Cil, Gulcan, 2017. "Effects of posted point-of-sale warnings on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and on birth outcomes," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 131-155.
    7. Han, Seunghee & Lerner, Jennifer S. & Zeckhauser, Richard, 2010. "Disgust Promotes Disposal: Souring the Status Quo," Working Paper Series rwp10-021, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    8. Christopher Carpenter, 2007. "How Do Workplace Smoking Laws Work? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Local Laws in Ontario, Canada," NBER Working Papers 13133, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Van Asselt, Joanna & Nian, Yefan & Soh, Moonwon & Gao, Zhifeng & Morgan, Stephen N, 2020. "Do Plastic Warning Labels Reduce Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Plastic Packaging?," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304503, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Carolina Werle & Caroline Cuny, 2012. "The boomerang effect of mandatory sanitary messages to prevent obesity," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 883-891, September.
    11. Frida Ngalesoni & George Ruhago & Mary Mayige & Tiago Cravo Oliveira & Bjarne Robberstad & Ole Frithjof Norheim & Hideki Higashi, 2017. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based tobacco control strategies in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, August.
    12. Cho, Yoo Jin & Thrasher, James F. & Yong, Hua-Hie & Szklo, André Salem & O'Connor, Richard J. & Bansal-Travers, Maansi & Hammond, David & Fong, Geoffrey T. & Hardin, James & Borland, Ron, 2018. "Path analysis of warning label effects on negative emotions and quit attempts: A longitudinal study of smokers in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 226-234.
    13. Lauren R. Pacek & Meredith S. Berry & Olga Rass & Melissa Mercincavage & F. Joseph McClernon & Matthew W. Johnson, 2019. "Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    14. Béatrice Parguel & Renaud Lunardo & Jean-Charles Chebat, 2010. "When activism may prove counterproductive: An exploratory study of anti-brand spoof advertising effects in the tobacco industry," Post-Print halshs-00636238, HAL.
    15. Trinidad Beleche & Nellie Lew & Rosemarie L. Summers & J. Laron Kirby, 2018. "Are Graphic Warning Labels Stopping Millions of Smokers? A Comment on Huang, Chaloupka, and Fong," Econ Journal Watch, Econ Journal Watch, vol. 15(2), pages 129–157-1, May.
    16. Hall, Marissa G. & Mendel, Jennifer R. & Noar, Seth M. & Brewer, Noel T., 2018. "Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 165-172.
    17. Gallopel-Morvan, Karine & Gabriel, Patrick & Le Gall-Ely, Marine & Rieunier, Sophie & Urien, Bertrand, 2011. "The use of visual warnings in social marketing: The case of tobacco," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 7-11, January.
    18. Dong Jenn Yang, 2018. "Exploring the communication effects of message framing of smoking cessation advertising on smokers’ mental processes," International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, Springer;International Association of Public and Non-Profit Marketing, vol. 15(3), pages 315-332, September.
    19. Tatiana Andreeva & Konstantin Krasovsky, 2011. "Recall of tobacco pack health warnings by the population in Ukraine and its association with the perceived tobacco health hazard," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(3), pages 253-262, June.
    20. Dirk-Jan A. van Mourik & Math J. J. M. Candel & Gera E. Nagelhout & Marc C. Willemsen & Hua-Hie Yong & Bas van den Putte & Geoffrey T. Fong & Hein de Vries, 2019. "How the New European Union’s (Pictorial) Tobacco Health Warnings Influence Quit Attempts and Smoking Cessation: Findings from the 2016–2017 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Surveys," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-15, November.
    21. Jeffrey E. Harris & Ana Inés Balsa & Patricia Triunfo, 2014. "Tobacco Control Campaign in Uruguay: Impact on Smoking Cessation during Pregnancy," NBER Working Papers 19878, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    22. Abigail T Evans & Ellen Peters & Andrew A Strasser & Lydia F Emery & Kaitlin M Sheerin & Daniel Romer, 2015. "Graphic Warning Labels Elicit Affective and Thoughtful Responses from Smokers: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-23, December.
    23. Jessica L. Reid & Seema Mutti-Packer & Prakash C. Gupta & Qiang Li & Jiang Yuan & Nigar Nargis & A. K. M. Ghulam Hussain & David Hammond, 2017. "Influence of Health Warnings on Beliefs about the Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking, in the Context of an Experimental Study in Four Asian Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-15, August.

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