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Jedna trzecia wieku posocjalistycznej transformacji ustrojowej

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  • Grzegorz W. Kołodko

Abstract

Teoria zmian ustrojowych nie udzieliła jednoznacznej odpowiedzi co do ram czasowych, w których przebiega posocjalistyczna transformacja ustrojowa; celowe jest zatem wskazanie kryteriów jej zapoczątkowania oraz zakończenia. Wymaga to analizy porównawczej w odniesieniu do sfery realnej oraz sfery regulacji reformowanej gospodarki państwowego socjalizmu oraz wyłaniającej się z niego posocjalistycznej gospodarki rynkowej. Taka analiza musi być dokonana w odniesieniu do modelu neoliberalnego gospodarki opierającego się na Konsensusie Waszyngtońskim, co było w Polsce podstawą tzw. szokowej terapii, oraz do społecznej gospodarki rynkowej, która była celem późniejszej Strategii dla Polski. Zarówno literatura przedmiotu, jak i studia statystyczne wyraźnie pokazują, że polityka liberalizacji i stabilizacji z początku lat 90. była zbyt radykalna i zaszkodziła realnej sferze gospodarki, nie tworząc zarazem odpowiednich jakościowych przesłanek do rozwoju gospodarczego w następnych latach. Trwałe podstawy dynamicznego rozwoju stworzyła dopiero polityka reform i budowy instytucji prowadzona w latach realizacji Strategii dla Polski. Analiza minionej jednej trzeciej wieku głębokich przemian ustrojowych wskazuje na niejednolitość poszczególnych etapów rozwoju, co było skutkiem odmiennego formułowania celów rozwojowych i stosowania zróżnicowanych instrumentów polityki zmian instytucjonalnych i wzrostu gospodarczego. Z doświadczeń wysiłku transformacyjnego w tym długim okresie wynikają na przyszłość liczne wnioski pod adresem polityki potrójnie – ekonomicznie, społecznie i ekologicznie – zrównoważonego rozwoju, która musi brać pod uwagę determinanty społeczne i kulturowe.

Suggested Citation

  • Grzegorz W. Kołodko, 2022. "Jedna trzecia wieku posocjalistycznej transformacji ustrojowej," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 2, pages 151-171.
  • Handle: RePEc:aoq:ekonom:y:2022:i:2:p:151-171
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kolodko, Grzegorz W., 2000. "From Shock to Therapy: The Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198297437.
    2. Kornai, Janos, 1992. "The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198287766.
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    transformacja; system gospodarczy; liberalizacja; stabilizacja; polityka gospodarcza;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A14 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Sociology of Economics
    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • P20 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - General

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