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Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage, Health Infrastructure, and Postnatal Care (PNC) Services Utilization: A District Level Analysis of Punjab-Pakistan

Author

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  • Seemab Gillani

    (PhD Scholar, School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China)

  • Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad

    (Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan)

  • Feng Wang

    (Professor, School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China)

  • Muhammad Nouman Shafiq

    (PhD Scholar, School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China)

Abstract

Awareness of receiving postnatal care is uncommon in Punjab (Pakistan) and supply-side is also unfortunate. Sufficient uptake of PNC may helpful in reducing maternal mortality. Thus, this study explored the demand and supply-side determinants of maternal health (utilization of PNC) care for 35 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Percentage of women of reproductive ages using PNC services in the 35 districts of Punjab was the outcome variable. While, ANC utilization, adult literacy rate, household wealth, physical infrastructure had been considered as the explanatory variables. Secondary data were obtained from Punjab Development Statistics reports from the years 2010 to 2016. Pooled ordinary least square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were applied as estimation techniques. It was found that the percentage of women of reproductive ages using ANC services (0.662, p

Suggested Citation

  • Seemab Gillani & Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad & Feng Wang & Muhammad Nouman Shafiq, 2021. "Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage, Health Infrastructure, and Postnatal Care (PNC) Services Utilization: A District Level Analysis of Punjab-Pakistan," iRASD Journal of Economics, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 3(3), pages 318-331, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ani:irdjoe:v:3:y:2021:i:3:p:318-331
    DOI: 10.52131/joe.2021.0303.0047
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Ministry of Human Resource Development, GOI, 2020. "National Education Policy 2020," Working Papers id:13106, eSocialSciences.
    4. Muhammad Nouman Shafiq & Seemab Gillani, 2018. "Health Outcomes of Remittances in Developing Economies: An Empirical Analysis," Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan., vol. 1(1), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Celik, Yusuf & Hotchkiss, David R., 2000. "The socio-economic determinants of maternal health care utilization in Turkey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 50(12), pages 1797-1806, June.
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