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Trends in India’s Agricultural Growth and Its Determinants

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  • Kannan, Elumalai

Abstract

The present study discusses the trends in crop sector growth at national and sub-national levels in India. Data on important variables such as area, production, input use, and value of output were compiled for the periods 1967-1968 to 2007-2008 from published sources. The analysis reveals that the cropping pattern in India has changed significantly over time, with a marked shift from the cultivation of foodgrains to commercial crops. Among foodgrains, the area planted to coarse cereals that is generally cultivated in dry regions declined by 13.3 percent between triennium ending (TE) 1970-1971 and TE 2007-2008. Similarly, the performance of pulses in terms of area and output was not impressive during the study period and the technological breakthrough witnessed in other crops was not conspicuous in pulses. Nevertheless, increase in crop yield has been a major factor in accelerating crop production in the country since the late 1960s. Modern varieties, irrigation, and fertilizers were the important contributors of higher growth in crop production. However, technology and institutional support for a few crops such as rice and wheat have changed crop area and output composition significantly in some regions. The results of the crop output growth model indicate that enhanced capital formation, better irrigation facilities, normal rainfall, and improved fertilizer consumption will help increase crop output in the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Kannan, Elumalai, 2011. "Trends in India’s Agricultural Growth and Its Determinants," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 8(2), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:phajad:199328
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.199328
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    1. Chand, Ramesh & Raju, S.S., 2009. "Instability in Indian Agriculture During Different Phases of Technology and Policy," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 64(2), pages 1-21.
    2. Umali-Deininger, Dina & Sur, Mona & Deininger, Klaus W., 2005. "Foodgrain Subsidies in India: Are they Reaching the Poor?," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19486, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. A. Vaidyanathan, 1992. "Instability in Agriculture: Extent, Causes and Consequences: A Review Article," Indian Economic Review, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, vol. 27(2), pages 211-222, July.
    4. Reddy, D. Narasimha & Mishra, Srijit (ed.), 2009. "Agrarian Crisis in India," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195695953.
    5. Joshi, P.K. & Birthal, Pratap Singh & Minot, Nicholas, 2006. "Sources of Agricultural Growth in India: Role of Diversification towards High-Value Crops," MTID Discussion Papers 58572, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Majumdar, Kakali & Basu, Partha, 2005. "Growth Decomposition of Foodgrains Output in West Bengal: A District Level Study," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 60(2), pages 1-15.
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    2. Ghanshyam Pandey & Seema Kumari, 2021. "Understanding agricultural growth and performance in Bihar, India," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(10), pages 1-17, October.

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