In this paper we use a bivariate, fractionally integrated, autoregressive, moving average model of money and real output to extend Fisher and Seater (1993) long-run neutrality requirements to long-memory processes. We derive new restrictions on the order of the nominal and real variable and discuss their implications when long-run neutrality is tested with a reduced form econometric model. These new restrictions show how finding money to be nonstationary is not sufficient for testing long-run neutrality. A long-memory process can be both nonstationary and mean reverting, meaning an exogenous monetary shock has no long-run effect on money if it is such a process. We also use the fractionally integrated, autoregressive, moving average model to estimate and test the order of integration of money and real output. Since unit root tests have low power against long-memory processes, directly estimating the differencing parameter is more robust to the presence of short and long- memory. Lastly, we apply our long-memory framework to a century worth of annual money supply and real output data for Argentina, Australia, Canada, Italy, Sweden, the UK, and the US and discover that long-run neutrality is testable in six of the seven countries and holds in five of the six countries.
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Paper provided by EconWPA in its series Macroeconomics with number
9809006.
Length: 23 pages Date of creation: 14 Sep 1998 Date of revision:
30 Sep 1998 Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpma:9809006
Note: Type of Document - Postscript; prepared on UNIX Ultra TeX; to print on Postscript; pages: 23 ; figures: included in document Contact details of provider: Web page: http://129.3.20.41
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Find related papers by JEL classification: C2 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
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