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Control in Pyramidal Structures

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Author Info
Marc Levy () (Centre Emile Bernheim, Solvay Business School, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels.)

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Abstract

Today, the shareholding structure of companies is sometimes so complex that it can be difficult to find back their actual owners and controllers. In particular, in continental Europe and in Asia, control tunnelling appears frequently through pyramidal structure. After describing the ownership structure through a graph association, this paper analyses the voting game at stake in the race for control. It compares existing methods and algorithms to identify the owners and controllers of a firm in a pyramidal structure without cross-ownership. As a real life example, the case of the Belgian retail company, Colruyt, is used to apply these different methods and compare their results. Furthermore, it shows how the ownership structure allows to the Colruyt family to keep the control of Colruyt even if there are discordances inside the family.

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File URL: http://www.solvay.edu/EN/Research/Bernheim/documents/wp06023.pdf
File Format: application/pdf
File Function: First version, 2006
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Centre Emile Bernheim (CEB) in its series Working Papers CEB with number 06-023.RS.

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Length: 26 pages
Date of creation: Oct 2006
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:sol:wpaper:06-023

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Related research
Keywords: Ownership; Corporate Governance; Control; Banzhalf Index.;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure
L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Ariane Chapelle & Ariane Szafarz, 2005. "Controlling firms through the Majority Voting Rule," Working Papers CEB 05-004.RS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Centre Emile Bernheim (CEB). [Downloadable!]
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  2. Randall K. Morck, 2000. "Concentrated Corporate Ownership," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number morc00-1.
  3. Cheung, Yan-Leung & Stouraitis, Aris & Wong, Anita W.S., 2005. "Ownership concentration and executive compensation in closely held firms: Evidence from Hong Kong," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 511-532, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Gambarelli, Gianfranco & Owen, Guillermo, 1994. "Indirect Control of Corporations," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 287-302.
  5. Ariane Chapelle & Ariane Szafarz, 2006. "Control consolidation with a threshold: An algorithm," Working Papers CEB 06-007.RS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Centre Emile Bernheim (CEB). [Downloadable!]
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  6. Brioschi, Francesco & Buzzacchi, Luigi & Colombo, Massimo G., 1989. "Risk capital financing and the separation of ownership and control in business groups," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4-5), pages 747-772, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Lucian Bebchuk & Reinier Kraakman & George Triantis, 1999. "Stock Pyramids, Cross-Ownership, and the Dual Class Equity: The Creation and Agency Costs of Seperating Control from Cash Flow Rights," NBER Working Papers 6951, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Claessens, Stijn & Djankov, Simeon & Lang, Larry H. P., 2000. "The separation of ownership and control in East Asian Corporations," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1-2), pages 81-112. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Faccio, Mara & Lang, Larry H. P., 2002. "The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 365-395, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Chung, Kee H. & Kim, Jeong-Kuk, 1999. "Corporate ownership and the value of a vote in an emerging market," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 35-54, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes & Andrei Shleifer, 1999. "Corporate Ownership Around the World," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(2), pages 471-517, 04. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Crama, Y. & Leruth, L. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 1999. "Corporate governance structures, control and performance in European markets : a tale of two systems," Discussion Paper 97, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

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  5. Ariane Szafarz, 2007. "Hiring People-like-Yourself: A Representation of Discrimination on the Job Market," Working Papers DULBEA 07-21.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  6. Benoît Mahy & François Rycx & Mélanie Volral, 2008. "L’influence de la dispersion salariale sur la performance des grandes entreprises belges," Working Papers DULBEA 08-13.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  7. Jean-Luc De Meulemeester, 2007. "L'Economie de l'Education fait-elle des Progrès? Une Perspective d'Histoire de la Pensée Economique," Working Papers DULBEA 07-15.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  8. Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Ariane Szafarz, 2008. "Labor market discrimination as an agency cost," Working Papers DULBEA 08-19.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  9. Abdeslam Marfouk, 2008. "The African Brain Drain: Scope and Determinants," Working Papers DULBEA 08-07.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
  10. Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Friedrich Schneider & Laurent Weill, 2007. "Does taking the shadow economy into account matter to measure aggregate efficiency?," Working Papers DULBEA 07-18.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  11. Charles Plaigin, 2009. "Exploratory study on the presence of cultural and institutional growth spillovers," Working Papers DULBEA 09-03.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
  12. Henri Capron & Michele Cincera, 2007. "EU Pre-competitive and Near-the-Market S&T Collaborations," Working Papers DULBEA 07-17.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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  13. Sîle O'Dorchai, 2008. "Pay inequality in 25 European countries," Working Papers DULBEA 08-06.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
  14. Jérôme de Henau & Leila Maron & Danièle Meulders & Sîle O'Dorchai, 2007. "Travail et Maternité en Europe, COnditions de Travail et Politiques Publiques," Working Papers DULBEA 07-14.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
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