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The Productivity Effects of Stock Option Schemes: Evidence from Finnish Panel Data

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Author Info
Derek C. Jones
Panu Kalmi
Mikko Mäkinen

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Abstract

ABSTRACT : While theorists differ sharply on the expected economic impact of stock options, typically empirical work has found a positive association between option schemes and firm productivity. However, existing data are limited and may not enable reliable investigation of the productivity effects of different types of option scheme. New panel data for all Finnish publicly listed firms during 1992-2002 enable us to distinguish plans that are broad based and others limited to particular employees and address issues of endogeneity concerning inputs and options. Diverse specifications are estimated including dynamic panel data models with a GMM estimator. For broad-based option scheme indicators the key result is that different estimators consistently find statistically insignificant associations with firm productivity. For selective option schemes, the baseline fixed effects estimator suggests a 2.1-2.4% positive and statistically significant effect of a dilution indicator on firm productivity. However, in empirical models in which endogeneity and dynamics are taken into account, no evidence is found of a link with firm productivity. Thus our findings are consistent with hypotheses that predict negligible effects of option plans for enterprise performance, such as those based on free riding, or psychological expectancy theory or accounting myopia. However, by finding weak evidence for productivity effects of targeted schemes (and none for broad-based plans) our findings tend not to support hypotheses based on managerial rent seeking.

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Paper provided by The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy in its series Discussion Papers with number 1026.

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Length: 36 pages
Date of creation: 16 Jun 2006
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Handle: RePEc:rif:dpaper:1026

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Related research
Keywords: personnel economics; stock options; productivity; panel data;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
M5 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting - - Personnel Economics
J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Kari O. E. Alho & Nuutti Nikula, 2006. "Productivity, Empoyment and Taxes - Evidence on the Potential Trade-offs and Impacts in the EU," Discussion Papers 1054, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  2. Tuomo Nikulainen & Raine Hermans & Martti Kulvik, 2006. "Patent citations indicating present value of the biotechnology business," Discussion Papers 1048, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Mikko Mäkinen, 2007. "Do Stock Opiton Schemes Affect Technical Inefficiency? Evidence from Finland," Discussion Papers 1085, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  4. Elad Harison & Heli Koski, 2006. "Innovative Software Business Strategies: Evidence from Finnish Firms," Discussion Papers 1042, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  5. Aija Leiponen, 2006. "Competing through cooperation: Standard setting in wireless telecommunications," Discussion Papers 1056, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  6. Mikko Ketokivi, 2006. "When Does Co-location of Manufacturing and R&D Matter?," Discussion Papers 1051, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  7. Alberto Di Minin & Christopher Palmberg, 2006. "A case for non-globalization? The organisation of r&d in the wireless telecommunications industry," Discussion Papers 1047, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö & Mika Maliranta, 2006. "Impact of R&D on Productivity - Firm-level Evidence from Finland," Discussion Papers 1031, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. [Downloadable!]
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