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The Neutrality of Nominal Rates: How Long is the Long Run?

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  • João Valle e Azevedo
  • Pedro Teles

Abstract

How can inflation be raised in economies such as Japan and the euro area where it has been below the objective for quite some time? We estimate an empirical model aimed at identifying the effects of permanent and temporary monetary shocks for the U.S., Japan, France, the U.K., Germany and the euro area. We find that the permanent monetary shock leads to a permanent rise in nominal rates and inflation. Importantly, the short-run effects of this permanent shock are similar to the long-run effects: inflation responds positively and immediately to a permanent rise in nominal rates, confirming the results in Uribe (2017, 2018). We also reinvestigate the long-run relation between inflation and nominal short interest rates. Using data for 41 developed countries covering the last 50 years, we document a strong, yet below one-for-one relationship between nominal rates and inflation, that tends to be less visible over the more recent period, characterized by inflation targeting at low common levels.

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  • João Valle e Azevedo & Pedro Teles, 2019. "The Neutrality of Nominal Rates: How Long is the Long Run?," Working Papers w201911, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w201911
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    Cited by:

    1. Javier Garcia Cicco & Patricio Goldstein & Federico Sturzenegger, 2023. "Permanent and Transitory Monetary Shocks around the World," Working Papers 275, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    2. Kerstin Bernoth & Helmut Herwartz & Lasse Trienens, 2023. "The Impacts of Global Risk and US Monetary Policy on US Dollar Exchange Rates and Excess Currency Returns," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2037, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Marieh Azizirad, 2022. "Fisher vs Keynes: Does an Interest Rate Hike Cause Inflation to Increase or Decrease?," Discussion Papers dp22-08, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.

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