Theoretical models have suggested that sanctions may be important for enforcing sovereign debt contracts (Bulow and Rogoff, 1989a, 1989b). This paper examines the role of sanctions in promoting debt repayment during the classical gold standard period. We analyze a wide range of sanctions including gunboat diplomacy, external fiscal control over a country's finances, asset seizures by private creditors, and trade sanctions. We find that "supersanctions," instances where military pressure or political control were applied in response to default, were an important and commonly used enforcement mechanism from 1870-1913. Following the implementation of supersanctions, on average, ex ante default probabilities on new debt issues fell by more than 60 percent, yield spreads declined approximately 800 basis points, and defaulting countries experienced almost a 100 percent reduction of time spent in default. We also find that debt defaulters that surrendered their fiscal sovereignty for an extended period of time were able to issue large amounts of new debt on international capital markets. Consistent with policies advocated by Caballero and Dornbusch (2002) for Argentina, our results suggest that third-party enforcement mechanisms, with the authority to enact financial and fiscal reforms, may be beneficial for resuscitating the capital market reputation of sovereign defaulters.
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Length: Date of creation: Jul 2005 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11472
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Find related papers by JEL classification: F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets N10 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - - - General, International, or Comparative N20 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - General, International, or Comparative N40 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, and Regulation - - - General, International, or Comparative
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[Downloadable!]
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