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Parental Attitudes toward Children and Child Labor: Evidence from Rural India

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Author Info
Shunsuke Sakamoto
Abstract

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of child labor in rural India using household survey data. While a growing number of empirical studies have shown that child labor in developing countries is associated with a variety of factors, such as household poverty, low parental educational attainment, and the absence of schools, this study pays particular attention to parents' attitudes toward children in the household as a crucial determinant of child labor. In order to examine the role of parental attitudes, we estimate a probit model, controlling for individual, household, and community characteristics, and find that children are more likely to work if their parents show less concern for them. We also show that children are more likely to work if their father has greater bargaining power in the household than their mother. Moreover, the results indicate that the incidence of child labor is positively associated with household poverty. These findings suggest that in order to reduce or eliminate child labor, the government should implement policies to address the various factors causing child labor, such as parents' lack of concern for their children, imbalances in the power structure within households, and household poverty.

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Paper provided by Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University in its series Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series with number d05-136.

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Date of creation: Jan 2006
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Handle: RePEc:hst:hstdps:d05-136

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  7. Ranjan, Priya, 2001. "Credit constraints and the phenomenon of child labor," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 81-102, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Emerson, Patrick M & Souza, Andre Portela, 2003. "Is There a Child Labor Trap? Intergenerational Persistence of Child Labor in Brazil," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(2), pages 375-98, January.
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  20. Jean-Marie Baland & James A. Robinson, 2000. "Is Child Labor Inefficient?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 108(4), pages 663-679, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. Robert C. Shelburne, 2001. "An Explanation of the International Variation in the Prevalence of Child Labour," The World Economy, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 24(3), pages 359-378, 03. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  23. Tanaka, Ryuichi, 2003. "Inequality as a determinant of child labor," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 93-97, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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