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Job Accessibility as a Performance Indicator: An Analysis of Trends and Their Social Policy Implications in the San Francisco Bay Area

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  • Cervero, Robert
  • Rood, Timothy
  • Appleyard, Bruce

Abstract

Shifts in job accessibility reflect, in part, the degree to which land use and transportation decisions are helping to economize on commuting and promote social equality objectives. This paper argues for the aggressive use of accessibility indicators as part of the long-range transportation planning process. As a case example, changes in job accessibility indices are traced for the San Francisco Bay Area from 1980 to 1990, computed for 100 residential areas and the region’s 22 largest employment centers. The indices were refined based on occupational match indicators that weighed the consistency between residents’ employment roles and labor force occupational characteristics at workplaces. The analysis revealed that peripheral areas tended to be the least job accessible. Moreover, employment centers that are home to highly skilled professional workers were generally the most accessible when occupational matching is accounted for. This was interpreted to reflect the existence of a more robust and responsive housing market in and around higher end employment centers. Our analyses also revealed that residents of low income, inner-city neighborhoods generally faced the greatest occupational mismatches. Through a path analysis, racial discrimination was found to be a more serious obstacle to employment than job accessibility, however. We conclude that the very purpose of tracking change sin accessibility is to provide feedback on the degree to which resource allocation decisions in the urban transportation field are helping to redress serious inequities in accessibility to jobs, medical facilities, and other important destinations.

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  • Cervero, Robert & Rood, Timothy & Appleyard, Bruce, 1995. "Job Accessibility as a Performance Indicator: An Analysis of Trends and Their Social Policy Implications in the San Francisco Bay Area," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt6mp941d9, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt6mp941d9
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    Cited by:

    1. Cheng, Jianquan & Bertolini, Luca, 2013. "Measuring urban job accessibility with distance decay, competition and diversity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 100-109.
    2. Yujie Hu & Joni Downs, 2020. "Measuring and Visualizing Place-Based Space-Time Job Accessibility," Papers 2006.00268, arXiv.org.
    3. Huang, Ruihong, 2020. "Transit-based job accessibility and urban spatial structure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    4. Mejia-Dorantes, Lucia & Lucas, Karen, 2014. "Public transport investment and local regeneration: A comparison of London׳s Jubilee Line Extension and the Madrid Metrosur," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 241-252.
    5. Lingqian Hu, 2017. "Job accessibility and employment outcomes: which income groups benefit the most?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1421-1443, November.
    6. Nassir, Neema & Hickman, Mark & Malekzadeh, Ali & Irannezhad, Elnaz, 2016. "A utility-based travel impedance measure for public transit network accessibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 26-39.
    7. Cebollada, Àngel, 2009. "Mobility and labour market exclusion in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 226-233.
    8. Margaret Cowell, 2010. "Polycentric Regions: Comparing Complementarity and Institutional Governance in the San Francisco Bay Area, the Randstad and Emilia-Romagna," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(5), pages 945-965, May.
    9. Karou, Saleem & Hull, Angela, 2014. "Accessibility modelling: predicting the impact of planned transport infrastructure on accessibility patterns in Edinburgh, UK," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 1-11.
    10. Jang, Seongman & Lee, Seungil, 2020. "Study of the regional accessibility calculation by income class based on utility-based accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Hu, Yujie & Downs, Joni, 2019. "Measuring and visualizing place-based space-time job accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 278-288.
    12. Mateo Carlos Galindo-Pérez & Manuel Suárez & Ana Rosa Rosales-Tapia & José Sifuentes-Osornio & Ofelia Angulo-Guerrero & Héctor Benítez-Pérez & Guillermo de Anda-Jauregui & Juan Luis Díaz-de-León-Santi, 2022. "Territorial Strategy of Medical Units for Addressing the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City: Analysis of Mobility, Accessibility and Marginalization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-23, January.
    13. Ng, Matthew Kok Ming & Roper, Josephine & Pettit, Christopher & Lee, Chyi Lin, 2021. "The Reflection of Income Segregation and Accessibility Cleavages in Sydney’s House Prices," SocArXiv 2psk5, Center for Open Science.

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