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Greenfield FDI and skill upgrading: A polarized issue

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  • Ronald B. Davies
  • Rodolphe Desbordes

Abstract

Outbound FDI is often accused of increasing income inequality in developed countries by shifting labour demand from low‐skilled towards high‐skilled workers (wage polarization). In response, we employ data on greenfield FDI that, in contrast to M&As, may be more clearly linked to skill upgrading. Our data also delineate greenfield FDI by sector, function and destination, allowing us to control for different motives and skill intensities for 17 developed countries for 2003–2005. We find that greenfield FDI in support services, e.g., back and front office services, induces polarized skill upgrading, benefitting high‐skilled workers at the expense of medium‐skilled workers, thereby polarizing wages. Nouveaux IDE et amélioration des habiletés : une question polarisante. On accuse souvent les nouveaux investissements directs à l'étranger (IDE) d'accroître l'inégalité des revenus dans les pays développés récipiendaires en déplac¸ant la demande de travail des travailleurs moins qualifiés vers les travailleurs plus qualifiés (phénomène de polarisation des salaires). Les auteurs examinent les données sur les nouveaux IDE qui, contrairement à ce qui se passe avec les fusions et acquisitions, peuvent être plus clairement liés à l'amélioration des habiletés. Les données pour 17 pays développés entre 2003 et 2005 sont ventilées par secteurs, fonctions et destinations. Voilà qui permet de normaliser pour tenir compte des différentes motivations et différentes intensités dans l'utilisation des habiletés pour ces investissements. On découvre que les nouveaux IDE dans les services de support (i.e., service à la clientèle et services administratifs) engendrent une amélioration polarisée des habiletés, qui bénéficie aux mieux qualifiés au détriment de ceux qui le sont moins, et donc ont un éffet de polarisation des salaires.

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  • Ronald B. Davies & Rodolphe Desbordes, 2015. "Greenfield FDI and skill upgrading: A polarized issue," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(1), pages 207-244, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:207-244
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12126
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    1. Ronald B. Davies & Iulia Siedschlag & Zuzanna Studnicka, 2021. "The impact of taxes on the extensive and intensive margins of FDI," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 28(2), pages 434-464, April.
    2. Sylwia Bialek & Alfons J. Weichenrieder, 2021. "Do Stringent Environmental Policies Deter FDI? M&A versus Greenfield," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 80(3), pages 603-636, November.
    3. Konstantin Koerner & Michael Moritz & Johannes Schäffler, 2022. "Foreign direct investment and onshore employment dynamics: Evidence from German firms with affiliates in the Czech Republic," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(6), pages 1773-1829, June.
    4. Ronald B. Davies & Rodolphe Desbordes, 2018. "Export Processing Zones and the Composition of Greenfield FDI," Working Papers 201807, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    5. Jan Hogrefe & Jens Wrona, 2015. "Trade, tasks and training: The effect of offshoring on individual skill upgrading," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(4), pages 1537-1560, November.
    6. Sara Amoroso & Pietro Moncada-Paternò-Castello, 2018. "Inward Greenfield FDI and Patterns of Job Polarization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Ronald B. Davies & Rodolphe Desbordes & Anna Ray, 2018. "Greenfield versus merger and acquisition FDI: Same wine, different bottles?," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(4), pages 1151-1190, November.
    8. Sara Amoroso & Pietro Moncada-Paterno-Castello, 2018. "Inward Greenfield FDI and Patterns of Job Polarisation," JRC Working Papers JRC111347, Joint Research Centre (Seville site).

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