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The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Evidence from a Canadian Province

Author

Listed:
  • Edward Olale

    (University of New Brunswick)

  • Emmanuel K. Yiridoe

    (Dalhousie University)

  • Thomas O. Ochuodho

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Van Lantz

    (University of New Brunswick)

Abstract

British Columbia (BC) introduced North America’s first carbon tax in 2008. An analysis of the impact of the BC carbon tax is of interest to various stakeholders in the jurisdiction where the tax was implemented. Other Canadian provinces and other countries contemplating a carbon tax policy are looking for insights on how to optimize potential positive and negative consequences. Given that government agri-environmental policies often emphasize farm-level support and environmental performance, there is interest in understanding the farm-level impacts of the carbon tax. The effect of the BC carbon tax on farm income and related production cost variables is investigated. Panel data from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed using both tabular and econometric approaches of the difference-in-difference method. The results indicate that the carbon tax is associated with a decline in net farm income-to-receipts ratios ranging between 8 and 12 cents per dollar of farm receipts. The analysis for costs-to-receipts ratios suggest that the carbon tax is directly related to higher commercial feed costs, farm labour costs, interest costs, and depreciation costs. Results of the regression analysis indicate that all the carbon tax effects are highly statistically significant. These findings can inform policy discussions about carbon tax effects on farmers.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward Olale & Emmanuel K. Yiridoe & Thomas O. Ochuodho & Van Lantz, 2019. "The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Evidence from a Canadian Province," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(2), pages 605-623, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:74:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s10640-019-00337-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-019-00337-8
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    5. Jia, Zhijie & Lin, Boqiang, 2020. "Rethinking the choice of carbon tax and carbon trading in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
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    7. Xiao Yu & Yingdong Xu & Jian Zhang & Yue Sun, 2022. "The Synergy Green Innovation Effect of Green Innovation Subsidies and Carbon Taxes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-27, March.
    8. Peter Slade & Patrick Lloyd-Smith & Tristan Skolrud, 2020. "The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Comment," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 77(2), pages 335-344, October.
    9. Abeer Elshennawy & Dirk Willenbockel, 2021. "The Effect of a Carbon Tax on The Egyptian Economy: A General Equilibrium Analysis," Working Papers 1525, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Dec 2021.
    10. Kasper Vrolijk & Misato Sato, 2023. "Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Carbon Pricing," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 38(2), pages 213-248.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Carbon tax; Farm-level impacts; Profitability; British Columbia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C54 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Quantitative Policy Modeling
    • Q10 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - General
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General

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