IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecolec/v167y2020ics0921800918311480.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Can product bundling increase the joint adoption of electric vehicles, solar panels and battery storage? Explorative evidence from a choice-based conjoint study in Austria

Author

Listed:
  • Priessner, Alfons
  • Hampl, Nina

Abstract

Although electric vehicle (EV) sales have recently been increasing, EVs can only contribute to mitigating climate change if the power they require is generated from renewable energy sources. Hence, a product bundle of EVs with photovoltaic (PV) solar panels in combination with battery storage (BS) for households could be instrumental in improving EV adoption rates and thus also their carbon footprint. We conducted a choice-based conjoint experiment with 393 respondents in Austria to investigate the effect of EV-PV-BS product bundles on purchase intention. Our data show that a majority of potential EV drivers, given the choice, would prefer to purchase an EV in such a bundle. Further, the purchase intention for a PV and BS is twice as high in a bundle with an EV than standalone. Segmentation analysis identified four potential customer segments, which we labelled “Price-Sensitive Non-Owners”, “Energy Self-Sufficient Owners”, “Economically Rational Owners” and “Likely Non-Adopters”. The segments specifically differ in their product preferences, which highlights a need for designing customized bundle offerings. Moreover, we show that policy incentives are more effective when product bundles are labelled with price tags already discounted by subsidies. We draw implications for practitioners and policymakers, as well as proposing areas of further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Priessner, Alfons & Hampl, Nina, 2020. "Can product bundling increase the joint adoption of electric vehicles, solar panels and battery storage? Explorative evidence from a choice-based conjoint study in Austria," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:167:y:2020:i:c:s0921800918311480
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106381
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800918311480
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106381?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hidrue, Michael K. & Parsons, George R. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2011. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 686-705, September.
    2. Michael W. Lawless, 1991. "Commodity Bundling For Competitive Advantage: Strategic Implications," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 267-280, May.
    3. Fanchao Liao & Eric Molin & Bert van Wee, 2017. "Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(3), pages 252-275, May.
    4. Schmalensee, Richard, 1984. "Gaussian Demand and Commodity Bundling," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 57(1), pages 211-230, January.
    5. Stephen P. Holland & Erin T. Mansur & Nicholas Z. Muller & Andrew J. Yates, 2015. "Environmental Benefits from Driving Electric Vehicles?," NBER Working Papers 21291, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Hinz, Oliver & Schlereth, Christian & Zhou, Wenyan, 2015. "Fostering the Adoption of Electric Vehicles by Providing Complementary Mobility Services: A Two-Step Approach using Best-Worst Scaling and Dual Response," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 77138, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    7. Harlam, Bari A. & Krishna, Aradhna & Lehmann, Donald R. & Mela, Carl, 1995. "Impact of bundle type, price framing and familiarity on purchase intention for the bundle," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 57-66, May.
    8. Hackbarth, André & Madlener, Reinhard, 2016. "Willingness-to-pay for alternative fuel vehicle characteristics: A stated choice study for Germany," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 89-111.
    9. Peter E. Rossi & Greg M. Allenby, 2003. "Bayesian Statistics and Marketing," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 304-328, July.
    10. Delmas, Magali A. & Kahn, Matthew E. & Locke, Stephen L., 2017. "The private and social consequences of purchasing an electric vehicle and solar panels: Evidence from California," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 225-235.
    11. Hamparsum Bozdogan, 1987. "Model selection and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC): The general theory and its analytical extensions," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 345-370, September.
    12. Bergmann, Ariel & Hanley, Nick & Wright, Robert, 2006. "Valuing the attributes of renewable energy investments," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1004-1014, June.
    13. Simonin, Bernard L. & Ruth, Julie A., 1995. "Bundling as a strategy for new product introduction: Effects on consumers' reservation prices for the bundle, the new product, and its tie-in," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 219-230, July.
    14. Graff Zivin, Joshua S. & Kotchen, Matthew J. & Mansur, Erin T., 2014. "Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of marginal emissions: Implications for electric cars and other electricity-shifting policies," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 107(PA), pages 248-268.
    15. Parsons, George R. & Hidrue, Michael K. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2014. "Willingness to pay for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electric vehicles and their contract terms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-324.
    16. Adamowicz W. & Louviere J. & Williams M., 1994. "Combining Revealed and Stated Preference Methods for Valuing Environmental Amenities," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 271-292, May.
    17. Gieri Hinnen & Stefanie Lena Hille & Andreas Wittmer, 2017. "Willingness to Pay for Green Products in Air Travel: Ready for Take‐Off?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 197-208, February.
    18. Salm, Sarah & Hille, Stefanie Lena & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2016. "What are retail investors' risk-return preferences towards renewable energy projects? A choice experiment in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 310-320.
    19. Venkatram Ramaswamy & Wayne S. Desarbo & David J. Reibstein & William T. Robinson, 1993. "An Empirical Pooling Approach for Estimating Marketing Mix Elasticities with PIMS Data," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 12(1), pages 103-124.
    20. Danny Campbell & David A. Hensher & Riccardo Scarpa, 2011. "Non-attendance to attributes in environmental choice analysis: a latent class specification," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(8), pages 1061-1076, December.
    21. Choi, Jay Pil, 2003. "Bundling new products with old to signal quality, with application to the sequencing of new products," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(8), pages 1179-1200, October.
    22. Daniel McFadden, 1986. "The Choice Theory Approach to Market Research," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 5(4), pages 275-297.
    23. Thomas M. Fojcik & Heike Proff, 2014. "Accelerating market diffusion of battery electric vehicles through alternative mobility concepts," International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(3/4), pages 347-368.
    24. Hidrue, Michael K. & Parsons, George R., 2015. "Is there a near-term market for vehicle-to-grid electric vehicles?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 67-76.
    25. Kelvin J. Lancaster, 1966. "A New Approach to Consumer Theory," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 74, pages 132-132.
    26. Morey, Edward R. & Thiene, Mara, 2017. "Can Personality Traits Explain Where and With Whom You Recreate? A Latent-Class Site-Choice Model Informed by Estimates From Mixed-Mode LC Cluster Models With Latent-Personality Traits," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 223-237.
    27. Cherry, Todd L. & García, Jorge H. & Kallbekken, Steffen & Torvanger, Asbjørn, 2014. "The development and deployment of low-carbon energy technologies: The role of economic interests and cultural worldviews on public support," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 562-566.
    28. Oberst, Christian & Madlener, Reinhard, 2015. "Prosumer Preferences Regarding the Adoption of Micro‐Generation Technologies: Empirical Evidence for German Homeowners," FCN Working Papers 22/2014, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    29. Kubli, Merla & Loock, Moritz & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2018. "The flexible prosumer: Measuring the willingness to co-create distributed flexibility," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 540-548.
    30. Urbany, Joel E & Dickson, Peter R & Wilkie, William L, 1989. "Buyer Uncertainty and Information Search," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 16(2), pages 208-215, September.
    31. Tabi, Andrea & Hille, Stefanie Lena & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2014. "What makes people seal the green power deal? — Customer segmentation based on choice experiment in Germany," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 206-215.
    32. Shlomo Kalish, 1985. "A New Product Adoption Model with Price, Advertising, and Uncertainty," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(12), pages 1569-1585, December.
    33. Kaenzig, Josef & Heinzle, Stefanie Lena & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2013. "Whatever the customer wants, the customer gets? Exploring the gap between consumer preferences and default electricity products in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 311-322.
    34. Kaufmann, Simon & Künzel, Karoline & Loock, Moritz, 2013. "Customer value of smart metering: Explorative evidence from a choice-based conjoint study in Switzerland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 229-239.
    35. William James Adams & Janet L. Yellen, 1976. "Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 90(3), pages 475-498.
    36. Agnew, Scott & Dargusch, Paul, 2017. "Consumer preferences for household-level battery energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 609-617.
    37. Quoilin, Sylvain & Kavvadias, Konstantinos & Mercier, Arnaud & Pappone, Irene & Zucker, Andreas, 2016. "Quantifying self-consumption linked to solar home battery systems: Statistical analysis and economic assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 58-67.
    38. Garrod, Guy & Ruto, Eric & Willis, Ken & Powe, Neil, 2012. "Heterogeneity of preferences for the benefits of Environmental Stewardship: A latent-class approach," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 104-111.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hasanzade, Vüsal & Elshiewy, Ossama & Toporowski, Waldemar, 2022. "Is it just the distance? Consumer preference for geographical and social proximity of food production," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    2. Vuichard, Pascal & Stauch, Alexander & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2021. "Keep it local and low-key: Social acceptance of alpine solar power projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    3. Plananska, Jana & Gamma, Karoline, 2022. "Product bundling for accelerating electric vehicle adoption: A mixed-method empirical analysis of Swiss customers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    4. Petrovich, Beatrice & Carattini, Stefano & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2021. "The price of risk in residential solar investments," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    5. Romeo Danielis & Mariangela Scorrano & Alessandro Massi Pavan & Nicola Blasuttigh, 2023. "Simulating the Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic, Battery Storage Systems and Electric Cars in Italy. An Exploratory Study Combining a Discrete Choice and Agent-Based Modelling Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, January.
    6. D'Adamo, Idiano & Gastaldi, Massimo & Morone, Piergiuseppe, 2022. "Solar collective self-consumption: Economic analysis of a policy mix," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    7. Freitas Gomes, Icaro Silvestre & Perez, Yannick & Suomalainen, Emilia, 2020. "Coupling small batteries and PV generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    8. Mariangela Scorrano & Romeo Danielis & Stefano Pastore & Vanni Lughi & Alessandro Massi Pavan, 2020. "Modeling the Total Cost of Ownership of an Electric Car Using a Residential Photovoltaic Generator and a Battery Storage Unit—An Italian Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, May.
    9. Armenio, Sabrina & Bergantino, Angela Stefania & Intini, Mario & Morone, Andrea, 2022. "Cheaper or eco-friendly cars: What do consumers prefer? An experimental study on individual and social preferences," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    10. Almansour, Mohammed, 2022. "Electric vehicles (EV) and sustainability: Consumer response to twin transition, the role of e-businesses and digital marketing," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    11. Paula Brezovec & Nina Hampl, 2021. "Electric Vehicles Ready for Breakthrough in MaaS? Consumer Adoption of E-Car Sharing and E-Scooter Sharing as a Part of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-25, February.
    12. Ma, Shao-Chao & Yi, Bo-Wen & Fan, Ying, 2022. "Research on the valley-filling pricing for EV charging considering renewable power generation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    13. Best, Rohan & Chareunsy, Andrea & Li, Han, 2021. "Equity and effectiveness of Australian small-scale solar schemes," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paula Brezovec & Nina Hampl, 2021. "Electric Vehicles Ready for Breakthrough in MaaS? Consumer Adoption of E-Car Sharing and E-Scooter Sharing as a Part of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-25, February.
    2. Plananska, Jana & Gamma, Karoline, 2022. "Product bundling for accelerating electric vehicle adoption: A mixed-method empirical analysis of Swiss customers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Tabi, Andrea & Hille, Stefanie Lena & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2014. "What makes people seal the green power deal? — Customer segmentation based on choice experiment in Germany," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 206-215.
    4. Zack Dorner & Daniel A. Brent & Anke Leroux, 2019. "Preferences for Intrinsically Risky Attributes," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 95(4), pages 494-514.
    5. Haghani, Milad & Bliemer, Michiel C.J. & Hensher, David A., 2021. "The landscape of econometric discrete choice modelling research," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    6. Charu Grover & Sangeeta Bansal & Adan L. Martinez-Cruz, "undated". "Influence of Social Network Effect and Incentive on Choice of Star Labeled Cars in India: A Latent Class Approach based on Choice Experiment," Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Discussion Papers 18-05, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
    7. Gabriela D. Oliveira & Luis C. Dias, 2019. "Influence of Demographics on Consumer Preferences for Alternative Fuel Vehicles: A Review of Choice Modelling Studies and a Study in Portugal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-33, January.
    8. Li, Wenbo & Long, Ruyin & Chen, Hong & Yang, Tong & Geng, Jichao & Yang, Muyi, 2018. "Effects of personal carbon trading on the decision to adopt battery electric vehicles: Analysis based on a choice experiment in Jiangsu, China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 478-488.
    9. Menyeh, Bridget Okyerebea, 2021. "Financing electricity access in Africa: A choice experiment study of household investor preferences for renewable energy investments in Ghana," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    10. Knauf, Jakob, 2022. "Can't buy me acceptance? Financial benefits for wind energy projects in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. Mengelkamp, Esther & Schönland, Thomas & Huber, Julian & Weinhardt, Christof, 2019. "The value of local electricity - A choice experiment among German residential customers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 294-303.
    12. Noel, Lance & Papu Carrone, Andrea & Jensen, Anders Fjendbo & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Kester, Johannes & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2019. "Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid applications: A Nordic choice experiment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 525-534.
    13. Philip, Thara & Whitehead, Jake & Prato, Carlo G., 2023. "Adoption of electric vehicles in a laggard, car-dependent nation: Investigating the potential influence of V2G and broader energy benefits on adoption," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    14. Mahmoodi, Jasmin & Prasanna, Ashreeta & Hille, Stefanie & Patel, Martin K. & Brosch, Tobias, 2018. "Combining “carrot and stick” to incentivize sustainability in households," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 31-40.
    15. Dalia Streimikiene & Tomas Balezentis & Ilona Alisauskaite-Seskiene & Gintare Stankuniene & Zaneta Simanaviciene, 2019. "A Review of Willingness to Pay Studies for Climate Change Mitigation in the Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-38, April.
    16. Novikova, Anastasija & Rocchi, Lucia & Vitunskienė, Vlada, 2017. "Assessing the benefit of the agroecosystem services: Lithuanian preferences using a latent class approach," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 277-286.
    17. Kubli, Merla & Loock, Moritz & Wüstenhagen, Rolf, 2018. "The flexible prosumer: Measuring the willingness to co-create distributed flexibility," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 540-548.
    18. Danielis, Romeo & Rotaris, Lucia & Giansoldati, Marco & Scorrano, Mariangela, 2020. "Drivers’ preferences for electric cars in Italy. Evidence from a country with limited but growing electric car uptake," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 79-94.
    19. Paulo Martins & Paula Rodrigues & Carlos Martins & Teresa Barros & Nelson Duarte & Rebecca Kechen Dong & Yiyi Liao & Ubaldo Comite & Xiaoguang Yue, 2021. "Preference between Individual Products and Bundles: Effects of Complementary, Price, and Discount Level in Portugal," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Ruokamo, Enni & Kopsakangas-Savolainen, Maria & Meriläinen, Teemu & Svento, Rauli, 2019. "Towards flexible energy demand – Preferences for dynamic contracts, services and emissions reductions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:167:y:2020:i:c:s0921800918311480. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.