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Location, Proximity, and M&A Transactions

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  • YE CAI
  • XUAN TIAN
  • HAN XIA

Abstract

In this paper, we examine how the geographic location of firms affects acquisition decisions and value creation for acquirers in takeover transactions. We find that firms located in an urban area are more likely to receive a takeover bid and complete a takeover transaction as a target than firms located in rural areas, and takeover deals involving an urban target are associated with higher acquirer announcement returns, after controlling for the proximity between the target and the acquirer. In addition, a target's urban location significantly attenuates the negative effect of a long distance between the target and the acquirer on acquirer returns, a fact that is documented in the existing literature. Our findings reveal a previously underexplored force—firm location—that can affect takeover transactions, in addition to proximity. Our paper suggests that a firm's location plays an important role in facilitating the dissemination of soft information and enhancing information‐based synergies.

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  • Ye Cai & Xuan Tian & Han Xia, 2016. "Location, Proximity, and M&A Transactions," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 688-719, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jemstr:v:25:y:2016:i:3:p:688-719
    DOI: 10.1111/jems.12159
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    3. Leon Zolotoy & Don O’Sullivan & Keke Song, 2021. "The Role of Ethical Standards in the Relationship Between Religious Social Norms and M&A Announcement Returns," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 170(4), pages 721-742, May.
    4. Eckbo, B. Espen & Makaew, Tanakorn & Thorburn, Karin S., 2018. "Are stock-financed takeovers opportunistic?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(3), pages 443-465.
    5. Jiawei Wu & Yehua Dennis Wei & Wen Chen, 2020. "Spatial proximity, localized assets, and the changing geography of domestic mergers and acquisitions in transitional China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(3), pages 954-976, September.
    6. Li, Chao & Li, Han & Zhao, Zhao, 2022. "Geographic proximity and M&As: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(PB).
    7. Huang, Ying Sophie & Guo, Feng & Ma, Lina, 2023. "Do M&A funds create value in Chinese listed firms?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Jia, Ning & Tian, Xuan, 2018. "Accessibility and materialization of firm innovation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 515-541.
    9. Shao, Bohua & Asatani, Kimitaka & Sasaki, Hajime & Sakata, Ichiro, 2021. "Categorization of mergers and acquisitions using transaction network features," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    10. Adesoji O. Adelaja & Ramyani Mukhopadhyay, 2022. "Time‐to‐completion for mergers and acquisitions in the food and agribusiness industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(3), pages 579-607, July.
    11. Zhang, Chi & Kandilov, Ivan T. & Walker, Mark D., 2021. "Direct flights and cross-border mergers & acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Hu, Nan & Li, Lu & Li, Hui & Wang, Xing, 2020. "Do mega-mergers create value? The acquisition experience and mega-deal outcomes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 119-142.

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