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How Many Online Workers are there in the World? A Data-Driven Assessment

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Baptista, Dulce & Freund, Richard & Novella, Rafael, 2023. "Entrepreneurial skills training for online freelancing: Experimental evidence from Haiti," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
  2. Walther, Sven, 2025. "The Effect of Virtual Communication Channels on Human Behavior: A Literature Review," MPRA Paper 125223, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  3. Silva, Victo J. & Chiarini, Tulio & Ribeiro, Leonardo Costa, 2022. "The Brazilian digital platform economy: a first approach," SocArXiv d478v, Center for Open Science.
  4. Diana Tran Nhat & Laura Thäter & Timm Teubner, 2024. "The duality of reputation portability: Investigating the demand effect of imported ratings across online labor markets," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 34(1), pages 1-21, December.
  5. Graham, Mark & Alyanak, Oğuz & Bertolini, Alessio & Feuerstein, Patrick & Kuttler, Tobias & Ustek Spilda, Funda & Valente, Jonas, 2025. "Pressure and praise as an action research methodology: The case of Fairwork," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue OnlineFir, pages 1-15.
  6. Lars Hornuf & Daniel Vrankar, 2022. "Hourly Wages in Crowdworking: A Meta-Analysis," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 64(5), pages 553-573, October.
  7. Fazio, Maria Victoria & Freund, Richard & Novella, Rafael, 2025. "Do entrepreneurial skills unlock opportunities for online freelancing? Experimental evidence from El Salvador," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  8. Ozge Demirci & Jonas Hannane & Xinrong Zhu, 2025. "Who Is AI Replacing? The Impact of Generative AI on Online Freelancing Platforms," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(10), pages 8097-8108, October.
  9. Leonardo Costa Ribeiro & Victo Silva & Tulio Chiarini, 2025. "Mapping the platform economy: a methodology for identifying and locating digital platform companies using NLP techniques," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 3461-3485, August.
  10. Kazakova, E. & Sandomirskaia, M. & Suvorov, A. & Khazhgerieva, A. & Shavshin, R., 2023. "Platforms, online labor markets, and crowdsourcing. Part 1. Traditional online labor market," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 60(3), pages 120-148.
  11. Afridi, Farzana & Gupta, Tanu & Heath, Rachel & Mahajan, Kanika, 2025. "Smart Skilling: Experimental Evidence on Vocational Training Design," IZA Discussion Papers 18272, IZA Network @ LISER.
  12. repec:osf:socarx:d478v_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  13. Miray Erinc Oztas, 2024. "Migrant Women in the UK’s Digital Economy: The Elimination of Labour Market Barriers in the Digital Labour Market," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-12, September.
  14. Juana Torres-Cierpe & Paola Tubaro & Antonio A. Casilli, 2026. "The micro-workers behind artificial intelligence: Exploring new digital subjects and their precariousness in the world of work [Los micro-trabajadores detrás de la inteligencia artificial: Explorando nuevos sujetos digitales y sus precariedades en," Post-Print hal-05491713, HAL.
  15. Paola Tubaro, 2022. "Learners in the loop: hidden human skills in machine intelligence," Post-Print hal-03787017, HAL.
  16. Ostoj Izabela, 2024. "Platform-mediated work in Poland: Worker characteristics and prevalence in society," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 60(2), pages 132-146.
  17. Sanjana Singh & Anshu Gupta & Richa Awasthy, 2025. "Stakeholder Interactions and the Gig Economy: Exploring Enablers and Challenges," South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, , vol. 14(3), pages 224-242, December.
  18. Stephany, Fabian & Teutloff, Ole, 2024. "What is the price of a skill? The value of complementarity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(1).
  19. Ozge Demirci & Jonas Hannane & Xinrong Zhu, 2024. "Who Is AI Replacing? The Impact of Generative AI on Online Freelancing Platforms," CESifo Working Paper Series 11276, CESifo.
  20. Fabian Braesemann & Fabian Stephany & Ole Teutloff & Otto Kässi & Mark Graham & Vili Lehdonvirta, 2022. "The global polarisation of remote work," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(10), pages 1-22, October.
  21. Chiara Belletti & Daniel Erdsiek & Ulrich Laitenberger & Paola Tubaro, 2021. "Crowdworking in France and Germany," Working Papers hal-03468022, HAL.
  22. Fabian Stephany & Otto Kassi & Uma Rani & Vili Lehdonvirta, 2021. "Online Labour Index 2020: New ways to measure the world's remote freelancing market," Papers 2105.09148, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2021.
  23. Stanton, Christopher & Thomas, Catherine, 2025. "Who benefits from online gig economy platforms?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 127806, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  24. Oleg Bazaluk & Muhammad Ataur Rahman & Nurul Mohammad Zayed & Md. Faisal-E-Alam & Vitalii Nitsenko & Lesia Kucher, 2024. "Crowdsourcing review: the crowd workers’ perspective," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 51(3), pages 647-666, September.
  25. Al James, 2024. "Platform work‐lives in the gig economy: Recentering work–family research," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 513-534, March.
  26. Mitchell Hoffman & Christopher T. Stanton, 2024. "People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics," NBER Working Papers 32849, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  27. Daniel Erdsiek, 2021. "Unternehmen setzen verstärkt auf Crowdworking [Companies increasingly rely on crowdworking]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 101(11), pages 912-914, November.
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