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Ethnicity and Elections under Authoritarianism: The Case of Kazakhstan

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  1. Yang Yao & Nancy Qia & Monica Martinez Bravo & Gerard Padro i Miquel, 2011. "Do Local Elections in Non-Democracies Increase Accountability? Evidence from Rural China," Working Papers id:3931, eSocialSciences.
  2. Akifumi Ishihara, 2020. "Strategic candidacy for political compromise in party politics," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 32(3), pages 389-408, July.
  3. Greg Yudin, 2025. "The Centrality of Voting in Democracy: The Plebiscitarian Origins of the Idea," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 13.
  4. Koenig, Christoph, 2015. "Competence vs. Loyalty: Political survival and electoral fraud in Russia’s regions 2000–2012," Economic Research Papers 270014, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
  5. María Angélica Bautista & Felipe González & Luis R. Martínez & Pablo Muñoz & Mounu Prem, 2025. "Dictatorship, Higher Education, and Social Mobility," Journal of Historical Political Economy, now publishers, vol. 4(4), pages 509-545, February.
  6. Jakob de Haan & Franziska Ohnsorge & Shu Yu, 2023. "Election-Induced Fiscal Policy Cycles in Emerging Market and Developing Economies," CESifo Working Paper Series 10868, CESifo.
  7. Guriev, Sergei & Treisman, Daniel, 2020. "A theory of informational autocracy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
  8. Erica Frantz, 2018. "Authoritarian Politics: Trends and Debates," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(2), pages 87-89.
  9. Fenja Søndergaard Møller, 2019. "Blue blood or true blood: Why are levels of intrastate armed conflict so low in Middle Eastern monarchies?," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 36(5), pages 517-544, September.
  10. Michael K Miller, 2013. "Electoral authoritarianism and democracy: A formal model of regime transitions," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 25(2), pages 153-181, April.
  11. Köllner, Patrick, 2012. ""Informelle Politik" und "informelle Institutionen": Konzeptionelle Grundlagen, analytische Zugänge und Herausforderungen für das Studium autoritärer und anderer politischer Herrsc," GIGA Working Papers 192, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
  12. Olivier Marie & Thomas Post & Zihan Ye & Xiaopeng Zou, 2024. "From Two Heads to One: The Short-Run Effects of the Recentralization of Political Power in Rural China," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-040/V, Tinbergen Institute.
  13. Takaharu, Ishii, 2024. "Interactions between natural resources and false democracy?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
  14. Jäger, Kai, 2016. "The Role of Regime Type in the Political Economy of Foreign Reserve Accumulation," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 79-96.
  15. Koenig, Christoph, 2019. "Patronage and Election Fraud: Insights from Russia’s Governors 2000–2012," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 433, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  16. Grigorii V Golosov, 2018. "Russia’s centralized authoritarianism in the disguise of democratic federalism: Evidence from the September 2017 sub-national elections," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 21(3), pages 231-248, September.
  17. Yusuke Kawamura, 2022. "Public Sector Employment as a Social Welfare Policy: The “Social Contract†and Failed Job Creation for Youth in Egypt," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 9(1), pages 31-50, March.
  18. Niclas Berggren & Christian Bjørnskov, 2024. "Institutions as predictors of government discrimination," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(3), pages 642-663, August.
  19. Todd A. Eisenstadt & Daniel J. Fiorino & Daniela Stevens, 2019. "National environmental policies as shelter from the storm: specifying the relationship between extreme weather vulnerability and national environmental performance," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9(1), pages 96-107, March.
  20. Ananyev, Maxim & Poyker, Michael, 2022. "Do dictators signal strength with electoral fraud?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  21. Andrew T Little, 2017. "Are non-competitive elections good for citizens?," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 29(2), pages 214-242, April.
  22. Michael Rochlitz, 2016. "Political Loyalty Vs Economic Performance: Evidence from Machine Politics in Russia’S Regions," HSE Working papers WP BRP 34/PS/2016, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
  23. Andreas Kern & Puspa Amri, 2021. "Political credit cycles," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 76-108, March.
  24. Annemieke van den Dool & Caroline Schlaufer, 2024. "Policy process theories in autocracies: Key observations, explanatory power, and research priorities," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 41(6), pages 865-891, November.
  25. Michael Rochlitz & Olga Masyutina & Koen Schoors & Yulia Khalikova, 2023. "Authoritarian durability, prospects of change and individual behavior: evidence from a survey experiment in Russia," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1061, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
  26. Milos Popovic, 2022. "Strongmen cry too: The effect of aerial bombing on voting for the incumbent in competitive autocracies," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 59(6), pages 844-859, November.
  27. Andre Assumpcao, 2019. "Electoral Crime Under Democracy: Information Effects from Judicial Decisions in Brazil," Papers 1912.10958, arXiv.org.
  28. Miquel Pellicer & Eva Wegner & Lindsay Benstead & Harold Kincaid & Ellen Lust & Juanita Vasquez, 2014. "The demand side of clientelism: The role of client's perceptions and values," SALDRU Working Papers 140, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
  29. Gerschewski, Johannes, 2020. "Persistenz – Kontinuität – Adaptivität: Konzeptionen politischer Stabilität in der Vergleichenden Autokratieforschung," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 48(Sonderban), pages 21-38.
  30. Schlumberger, Oliver, 2021. "Puzzles of political change in the Middle East: Political liberalisation, authoritarian resilience and the question of systemic change," IDOS Discussion Papers 5/2021, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
  31. Wong, Mathew Y.H., 2021. "Democracy, hybrid regimes, and inequality: The divergent effects of contestation and inclusiveness," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  32. Inken von Borzyskowski, 2016. "Resisting democracy assistance: Who seeks and receives technical election assistance?," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 247-282, June.
  33. Wong, Ho Lun & Wang, Yu & Luo, Renfu & Zhang, Linxiu & Rozelle, Scott, 2017. "Local governance and the quality of local infrastructure: Evidence from village road projects in rural China," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 119-132.
  34. Lisa Garbe, 2024. "Pulling through elections by pulling the plug: Internet disruptions and electoral violence in Uganda," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 61(5), pages 842-857, September.
  35. Hao Hong & Tsz-Ning Wong, 2020. "Authoritarian election as an incentive scheme," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 32(3), pages 460-493, July.
  36. Garbe, Lisa, 2024. "Pulling through elections by pulling the plug: Internet disruptions and electoral violence in Uganda," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 61(5), pages 842-857.
  37. Oka, Natsuko, 2011. "Neither exit nor voice : loyalty as a survival strategy for the Uzbeks in Kazakhstan," IDE Discussion Papers 286, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
  38. Lise Rakner, 2021. "Don’t Touch My Constitution! Civil Society Resistance to Democratic Backsliding in Africa´s Pluralist Regimes," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(S5), pages 95-105, July.
  39. Lisa Blaydes & James Lo, 2012. "One man, one vote, one time? A model of democratization in the Middle East," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 24(1), pages 110-146, January.
  40. Carlitz, Ruth D., 2017. "Money Flows, Water Trickles: Understanding Patterns of Decentralized Water Provision in Tanzania," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 16-30.
  41. Cottiero, Christina & Schneider, Christina J, 2025. "International Financial Institutions and the Promotion of Autocratic Resilience," Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, Working Paper Series qt63z4m8qw, Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California.
  42. Aijaz Ali & Farhad Analoui, 2023. "Decentralisation by military regimes and challenges to citizen participation: an empirical reflection from Pakistan," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
  43. Mariam Mufti, 2018. "What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(2), pages 112-119.
  44. Wahman, Michael & Basedau, Matthias, 2015. "Electoral Rentierism? The Cross-National and Subnational Effect of Oil on Electoral Competitiveness in Multiparty Autocracies," GIGA Working Papers 272, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
  45. Sultan Juma Kakuba, 2021. "State Repression and Democratic Dispensation in Uganda 1996–2016," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
  46. Felix Haass, 2021. "The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 38(2), pages 200-223, March.
  47. Gail Buttorff & Douglas Dion, 2017. "Participation and boycott in authoritarian elections," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 29(1), pages 97-123, January.
  48. González, Felipe & Prem, Mounu, 2018. "Can television bring down a dictator? Evidence from Chile’s “No” campaign," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 349-361.
  49. Christoph Koenig, 2024. "With a Little Help From the Crowd: Estimating Election Fraud with Forensic Methods," CEIS Research Paper 584, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 28 Oct 2024.
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