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Persönliche Merkmale von Führungspersonal als Politikdeterminante: Die Europäische Kommission im Wandel der Zeit

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  • Hartlapp, Miriam
  • Lorenz, Yann

Abstract

Persönliche Merkmale von Mitgliedern der Organisationseliten, wie etwa Beruf, Nationalität oder Parteizugehörigkeit, sind wichtige Bausteine, um politische Entscheidungen zu erklären. Sie rücken zusehends in den Fokus systematischer Analysen europäischer Politik. Die Europäische Kommission ist in vielerlei Hinsicht mit nationalen Verwaltungen vergleichbar. Einer der wohl bedeutendsten Unterschiede ist jedoch, dass ihre personelle Zusammensetzung im Gegensatz zu nationalen Administrationen sehr heterogen ist. So unterscheiden sich die Führungspersonen der Kommission untereinander erheblich in parteipolitischer und beruflicher Hinsicht sowie in ihrer nationalen Herkunft. Eine systematische Analyse dieser Varianzen erscheint besonders relevant, wo wir annehmen, dass sie zu unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen und Bewertungen politischer Prozesse führen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand und überprüft die zentralen Thesen anhand einer neuen Datenbank zur Europäischen Kommission. Die Datenbank ist innovativ, weil sie, anders als existierende Arbeiten, Daten über Kommissionsmitglieder seit der Gründung im Jahr 1958 bis zum Jahr 2010 umfasst und nicht nur Kommissare, sondern auch Generaldirektoren einbezieht. Und sie erlaubt erstmals einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Organisationsstruktur der Kommission und den persönlichen Merkmalen ihrer Mitglieder herzustellen. Auf dieser Basis lässt sich zeigen, dass es sich bei der Kommission um ein changing kind of animal handelt, das anderen Verwaltungsstrukturen im EU-Mehrebenensystem in vielerlei Hinsicht zunehmend ähnelt, aber auch, wo es sich von ihnen absetzt.

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  • Hartlapp, Miriam & Lorenz, Yann, 2012. "Persönliche Merkmale von Führungspersonal als Politikdeterminante: Die Europäische Kommission im Wandel der Zeit," Discussion Papers, Schumpeter Junior Research Group Position Formation in the EU Commission SP IV 2012-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbpfe:spiv2012501
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