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Globale Einkommensdisparitäten und -polaritäten

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  • Henrich, Károly

Abstract

Die These, die neuere Globalisierung der sozioökonomischen Beziehungen habe die kontinuierliche, erweiterte Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit hervorgebracht, ist nur bedingt haltbar. Tatsächlich begann, nachdem noch um das Jahr 1000 die Durchschnittseinkommen in den verschiedenen Weltregionen annähernd gleich gewesen waren, bereits in der ersten Hälfte des zweiten Jahrtausends eine allmähliche Auseinanderentwicklung. Im Zuge der militärisch gestützten Expansion Europas in Übersee setzte sich der Prozess der Disparitätsverstärkung zunächst mit mäßiger Geschwindigkeit fort, beschleunigte sich dann aber nach der marktökonomischindustriellen Revolution erheblich. Die Verdichtung der transnationalen Netzwerke in der Endphase des 20. Jahrhunderts hat also keineswegs die sich beschleunigende Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit erst ins Leben gerufen, sondern lediglich einen bereits lange in Gang befindlichen Prozess noch einmal verstärkt. Die Ansätze zur Erklärung dieses Prozesses zeichnen sich durch sehr unterschiedliche Reichweite aus: Am einen Ende des Spektrums stehen vergleichende Analysen der die Leistungsfähigkeit einzelner Nationen(gruppen) beeinflussenden Faktoren, am anderen der von Diamond präsentierte Rekurs auf das sozialökologische Bedingungsgefüge der neolithischen Revolution. Die zweifelsfrei erkennbare kausale Relevanz der marktökonomischen Eskalationsdynamik legt jedoch die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass mit einer Umkehr des Trends der Disparitätszunahme nicht zu rechnen ist, solange der Wirkungsbereich der von sozialen Verpflichtungen entbundenen Marktkräfte eher ausgeweitet als beschränkt und kontrolliert wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Henrich, Károly, 2004. "Globale Einkommensdisparitäten und -polaritäten," Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 60, University of Kassel, Faculty of Economics and Management.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:kasvdb:60
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